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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §43.16.14.pr

Armed Ejection and Recovery for Flawed Possessors

Passage 7090 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

It rules that if someone is ejected from land by armed force, they can recover both the land itself and any moveable property in any event, even if their prior possession was flawed (by force, stealth, or precarium).

[POMPONIUS libro uicensimo nono ad Sabinum. ] §43.16.14.prSed si ui armata deiectus es, sicut ipsum fundum recipis, etiamsi ui aut clam aut precario eum possideres, ita res quoque mobiles omnimodo recipies.
[POMPONIUS, in the twenty-ninth book on Sabinus.] But if you have been ejected by armed force, just as you recover the land itself, even if you possessed it by force, stealth, or precarium, so you will also recover moveable property in any event.

Notes

  1. §43.16.14.pretiamsi ui aut clam aut precario eum possideres — The imperfect subjunctive 'possideres' expresses a past counterfactual or concessive hypothesis regarding the state of possession prior to the ejection by armed force. The terms 'ui', 'clam', and 'precario' (force, stealth, or precarium) represent the three forms of 'flawed possession' (possessio vitiosa) in Roman law, which normally bar an interdict for recovering possession; however, they do not apply as a defense against the use of armed force (ui armata).
  2. §43.16.14.prsicut... ita... — A correlative construction linking 'sicut ipsum fundum recipis' and 'ita res quoque mobiles omnimodo recipies'. Translated as 'just as... so...', it emphasizes that the recovery of moveable property (consequent) follows the same legal principle as the recovery of the land itself (antecedent).

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §43.16.14.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:43.16.14.pr

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