[ULPIANUS libro sexagensimo octauo ad edictum. ] §43.12.1.11In flumine publico factum accipere debemus, quidquid in aqua fiat: nam si quid extra factum sit, non est in flumine factum: et quod in ripa fiat, non uidetur in flumine factum.
[ULPIANUS on the Edict, Book 68] We ought to accept as done in a public river whatever is done in the water; for if anything is done outside, it is not done in the river, and what is done on the bank is not considered to be done in the river.
§43.12.1.12Non autem omne, quod in flumine publico ripaue fit, coercet praetor, sed si quid fiat, quo deterior statio et nauigatio fiat.
However, the praetor does not restrain everything that is done in a public river or on its bank, but only if something is done whereby the landing-place and navigation may be rendered worse.
ergo hoc interdictum ad ea tantum flumina publica pertinet, quae sunt nauigabilia, ad cetera non pertinet.
Therefore, this interdict applies only to those public rivers which are navigable, and does not apply to others.
sed Labeo scribit non esse iniquum etiam si quid in eo flumine, quod nauigabile non sit, fiat, ut exarescat uel aquae cursus impediatur, utile interdictum competere 'ne uis ei fiat, quo minus id opus, quod in alueo fluminis ripaue ita factum sit, ut iter cursus fluminis deterior sit fiat, tollere demoliri purgare restituere uiri boni arbitratu possit'. §43.12.1.13Stationem dicimus a stando: is igitur locus demonstratur, ubicumque naues tuto stare possunt.
But Labeo writes that it is not unjust, even if something is done in a river that is not navigable, such as drying up or obstructing the flow of water, that an analogous interdict should be available: "lest force be used against him, to prevent him from being able to remove, demolish, clear, or restore, by the judgment of an upright man, that work which has been so made in the bed of a river or on its bank that the route of the course of the river is rendered or becomes worse." We say "landing-place" from "standing"; therefore, wherever ships can remain in safety, that place is indicated.
§43.12.1.14Ait praetor: 'iterque nauigii deterius fiat'. hoc pro nauigatione positum est: immo nauigium solemus dicere etiam ipsam nauem, iter ergo nauigio potest et sic accipi 'iter naui deterius fiat'. nauigii appellatione etiam rates continentur, quia plerumque et ratum usus necessarius est.
The praetor says: "and the route for a vessel may be rendered worse." This is put for "navigation"; indeed, we are accustomed to call even the vessel itself "nauigium," and therefore "route for a vessel" can also be understood as "the route may be rendered worse for a ship." Under the name of "nauigium," rafts are also included, because very often the use of rafts is also necessary.
si pedestre iter impediatur, non ideo minus iter nauigio deterius fit.
If a footway is obstructed, it is not on that account any less that the route for a vessel is rendered worse.
§43.12.1.15Deterior statio itemque iter nauigio fieri uidetur, si usus eius corrumpatur uel difficilior fiat aut minor uel rarior aut si in totum auferatur.
A landing-place and likewise the route for a vessel are considered to be rendered worse if its use is spoiled or made more difficult, or less, or less frequent, or if it is entirely taken away.
proinde siue deriuetur aqua, ut exiguior facta minus sit nauigabilis, uel si dilatetur, aut diffusa breuem aquam faciat, uel contra sic coangustetur, et rapidius flumen faciat, uel si quid aliud fiat quod nauigationem incommodet difficilioremue faciat uel prorsus impediat, interdicto locus erit.
Therefore, whether water is diverted so that, being made smaller, it is less navigable, or if it is widened, and being spread out, makes the water shallow, or on the contrary is so narrowed and makes the river more rapid, or if anything else is done which inconveniences or makes navigation more difficult, or completely impedes it, there will be room for the interdict.
§43.12.1.16Labeo scribit non esse dandam exceptionem ei, qui interdicto conuenitur: 'aut nisi ripae tuendae causa factum sit', sed ita excipiendum ait: 'extra quam si quid ita factum sit, uti de lege fieri licuit'. §43.12.1.17Si in mari aliquid fiat, Labeo competere tale interdictum: 'ne quid in mari inue litore' 'quo portus, statio iterue nauigio deterius fiat'. §43.12.1.18Sed et si in flumine publico, non tamen nauigabili fiat, idem putat.
Labeo writes that the exception "or unless it was done for the sake of protecting the bank" should not be given to the person who is sued under the interdict, but he says that the exception should be phrased thus: "except in so far as anything has been done in such a way as was permitted to be done by law." If anything is done in the sea, Labeo thinks that such an interdict is available: "Do not do anything in the sea or on the shore, whereby a harbor, landing-place, or route for a vessel may be rendered worse." But even if it is done in a public, yet not navigable river, he thinks the same.
§43.12.1.19Deinde ait praetor: 'Quod in flumine publico ripaue eius fiat siue quid in id flumen ripamue eius immissum habes, quo statio iterue nauigio deterior sit fiat, restituas'. §43.12.1.20Superius interdictum prohibitorium est, hoc restitutorium, ad eandem causam pertinens.
Then the praetor says: "What is done in a public river or on its bank, or if you have anything discharged into that river or onto its bank, whereby the landing-place or route for a vessel is or becomes worse, you shall restore." The former interdict is prohibitory, this one is restitutory, pertaining to the same cause.
§43.12.1.21Iubetur autem is, qui factum uel immissum habet, restituere quod habet, si modo id quod habet stationem uel nauigium deterius faciat.
Now he who has a work made or something discharged is ordered to restore what he has, provided that what he has renders the landing-place or navigation worse.
§43.12.1.22Haec uerba 'factum habes' uel 'immissum habes' ostendunt non eum teneri, qui fecit uel immisit, sed qui factum immissum habet.
These words "you have a work made" or "you have something discharged" show that not he who made or discharged it is held liable, but he who has it in a made or discharged state.
denique Labeo scribit, si auctor tuus aquam deriuauerit, et hoc interdicto, si ea tu utaris.
Finally, Labeo writes that if your predecessor has diverted water, you are liable to this interdict if you use it.