Humanitext Reader

Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §42.8.15.pr

Validity of Testamentary Manumission upon Change of Creditor

Passage 7017 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

If a debtor grants manumissions by will while insolvent, but the creditor at that time is later paid off and replaced by a new creditor before the debtor's death, the manumissions remain valid because the intent and the result of fraud do not concur in the same creditor.

[IULIANUS libro quadragensimo nono digestorum. ] §42.8.15.prSi quis, cum haberet Titium creditorem et sciret se soluendo non esse, libertates dederit testamento, deinde dimisso Titio postea Sempronium creditorem habere coeperit et eodem testamento manente decesserit: libertates datae ratae esse debent, etsi hereditas soluendo non sit, quia, libertates ut rescindantur, utrumque in eorumdem persona exigimus et consilium et euentum et, si quidem creditor, cuius fraudandi consilium initum erat, non fraudatur, aduersus eum qui fraudatur consilium initum non est.
[JULIANUS in the forty-ninth book of the Digests.]\n If anyone, while he had Titius as a creditor and knew that he was insolvent, should have granted manumissions by testament, and then, Titius having been discharged, afterwards began to have Sempronius as a creditor, and died while the same testament remained in force: the granted manumissions ought to be valid, even if the inheritance is insolvent, because, for manumissions to be rescinded, we require both the intention and the result in the person of the same individuals, and indeed if the creditor against whom the intention of defrauding was formed is not defrauded, the intention was not formed against the one who is defrauded.
libertates itaque ratae sunt,
Therefore, the manumissions are valid,

Notes

  1. 42.8.15.prsoluendo non esse — The gerund soluendo is the dative of soluere (to pay), used predicatively with esse to mean 'to be solvent' or 'to be able to pay.' With non, it expresses insolvency.
  2. 42.8.15.prin eorumdem persona — eorumdem is the genitive plural of the demonstrative pronoun idem (the same). It signifies that both the intent to defraud (consilium) and the actual result of fraud (eventus) must concur in the person of the same creditors; thus, the creditor targeted by the intent and the one actually harmed must be identical.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §42.8.15.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:42.8.15.pr

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.