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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §42.1.60.pr

Adjournment for Serious Illness and Validity of Judgment

Passage 6912 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This fragment discusses the validity of a judgment when a litigant's fever interrupts the trial, defining what constitutes a "serious illness" that justifies postponement, along with its exceptions.

[IULIANUS libro quinto digestorum. ] §42.1.60.prQuaesitum est, cum alter ex litigatoribus febricitans discessisset et iudex absente eo pronuntiasset, an iure uideretur pronuntiasse.
[JULIAN, in the fifth book of the Digest.] The question was asked, when one of the litigants had departed with a fever and the judge had pronounced judgment in his absence, whether he was deemed to have pronounced it lawfully.
respondit: morbus sonticus etiam inuitis litigatoribus ac iudice diem differt.
He replied: a serious illness postpones the appointed day, even against the will of the litigants and the judge.
sonticus autem existimandus est, qui cuiusque rei agendae impedimento est.
Moreover, that illness is to be considered serious which is an impediment to carrying out any matter.
litiganti porro quid magis impedimento est, quam motus corporis contra naturam, quem febrem appellant? igitur si rei iudicandae tempore alter ex litigatoribus febrem habuit, res non uidetur iudicata.
Furthermore, what is more of an impediment to a litigant than an unnatural movement of the body, which they call a fever? Therefore, if at the time the case was to be decided one of the litigants had a fever, the matter is not deemed to have been decided.
potest tamen dici esse aliquam et febrium differentiam: nam si quis sanus alias ac robustus tempore iudicandi leuissima febre correptus fuerit, aut si quis tam ueterem quartanam habeat, ut in ea omnibus negotiis superesse soleat, poterit dici morbum sonticum non habere.
It can, however, be said that there is also some distinction among fevers; for if someone who is otherwise healthy and robust should be seized by a very mild fever at the time of trial, or if someone has such an old quartan fever that during it he is accustomed to attend to all his business, it can be said that he does not have a serious illness.

Notes

  1. §42.1.60.prmorbus sonticus — The term "morbus sonticus" refers to a "serious or excusable illness" in ancient Roman law that legally excuses a person from appearing in court or performing other public duties. The adjective "sonticus" originally means "harmful" or "significant," indicating here a disease that severely hinders one's ability to act.
  2. §42.1.60.prinuitis litigatoribus ac iudice — An ablative absolute construction consisting of nouns and the adjective "inuitus" (unwilling), with the participle of the verb "to be" omitted. It translates to "even against the will of the litigants and the judge."
  3. §42.1.60.promnibus negotiis superesse — The verb "superesse" (which governs the dative) generally means "to survive" or "to be left over," but here it is used in the sense of "to attend to, manage, or cope with all affairs" (prevailing over the illness). The dative "omnibus negotiis" is its object.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §42.1.60.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:42.1.60.pr

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