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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §42.1.19.pr-42.1.19.1

Priority of Creditors and Gift Donor Competence

Passage 6871 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Paulus discusses the rule that the creditor who first takes legal action is preferred among those with debts on the same ground, and that a defendant sued on the ground of a gift is condemned only to the extent of his ability after deducting his debts, to prevent his falling into want.

[PAULUS libro sexto ad Plautium. ] §42.1.19.prInter eos, quibus ex eadem causa debetur, occupantis melior condicio est nec deducitur, quod eiusdem condicionis hominibus debetur, sicuti fit in de peculio actione: nam et hic occupantis melior est causa.
[PAULUS, in the sixth book on Plautius.] Among those to whom debt is owed on the same ground, the position of the one who first takes legal action is better, and what is owed to persons of the same condition is not deducted, just as happens in the action concerning peculium; for here too, the cause of the one who first takes action is better.
sed et si cum patre patronoue agetur, non est deducendum aes alienum, maxime quod eiusdem condicionis personis debebitur, ut liberis libertis.
But even if the action is brought against a father or a patron, outstanding debt is not to be deducted, especially that which will be owed to persons of the same condition, such as children or freedmen.
§42.1.19.1Is quoque, qui ex causa donationis conuenitur, in quantum facere potest condemnatur et quidem is solus deducto aere alieno: et inter eos, quibus ex simili causa pecunia debetur, occupantis potior erit causa.
He also, who is sued on the ground of a gift, is condemned only to the extent of what he is able to perform, and indeed he is the only one who is so condemned after outstanding debt has been deducted; and among those to whom money is owed on a similar ground, the cause of the one who first takes legal action will be stronger.
immo nec totum quod habet extorquendum ei puto: sed et ipsius ratio habenda est, ne egeat.
Nay, I think that not even everything he has should be extorted from him; but consideration must also be had for his own person, lest he fall into want.

Notes

  1. §42.1.19.proccupantis — occupantis is the genitive of the present participle occupare (to anticipate, seize first). Here it refers to the creditor who first takes legal action or execution among multiple creditors (the first-acting creditor). It functions as a possessive or relational genitive dependent on melior condicio or causa.
  2. §42.1.19.1deducto aere alieno — deducto aere alieno is an ablative absolute phrase consisting of the noun aes alienum (outstanding debt) and the participle deducto (having been deducted), meaning 'after outstanding debt has been deducted.' Unlike ordinary cases of the beneficium competentiae, in actions based on gifts, the donor's liability is measured only after subtracting other liabilities to arrive at 'net assets' (emphasized here by is solus).

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §42.1.19.pr-42.1.19.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:42.1.19.pr-42.1.19.1

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