[PAULUS libro quinto ad Sabinum. ] §40.7.4.prCum heres rei publicae causa abesset et pecuniam statuliber haberet: uel exspectari eum debere, donec redeat is cui dare debet, uel deponere in aedem pecuniam consignatam oportet, quo subsecuto statim ad libertatem peruenit.
[PAULUS libro quinto ad Sabinum.] When the heir is absent on public business and the statuliber has the money: either he ought to be awaited until he, to whom he ought to give, returns, or it is necessary to deposit the sealed money in a temple, which having followed, he immediately arrives at freedom.
§40.7.4.1Non est statuliber, cui libertas in tam longum tempus collata est, ut eo tempore is qui manumissus est uiuere non possit: aut si tam difficilem, immo paene inpossibilem condicionem adiecerit, ut aliunde ea libertas optingere non possit, ueluti si heredi milies dedisset aut cum moreretur, liberum esse iussisset: sic enim libertas inutiliter datur, et ita Iulianus scribit, quia nec animus dandae libertatis est.
He is not a statuliber, on whom freedom was conferred for so long a time that at that time he who is manumitted cannot be alive: or if he added so difficult, indeed almost impossible a condition that from no other source can that freedom fall to his lot, as if he had ordered him to give one hundred million sesterces to the heir, or to be free when he should die; for in this way freedom is given uselessly, and so Julian writes, because there is not even the intention of giving freedom.
§40.7.4.2Seruire Titio anno et liber esse iussus Titio mortuo non statim liber fiet, sed cum annus transierit, quod uidetur non tantum sub condicione, sed etiam ex tempore data libertas: etenim absurdum est maturius eum liberum fieri, cum condicionem non implet, quam futurus foret, si eam expleret.
A slave ordered to serve Titius for a year and to be free will not immediately become free upon Titius's death, but when the year has passed, because freedom seems to have been given not only under a condition, but also from a set time; for indeed it is absurd that he should become free more maturely when he does not fulfill the condition than he would have been if he had fulfilled it.
§40.7.4.3Si duobus decem datis liber esse iussus sit et unus quinque accipere noluerit, melius est dicere posse eum eadem quinque alteri offerentem ad libertatem peruenire.
If a slave is ordered to be free upon giving ten to two persons, and one of them refuses to accept five, it is better to say that he can arrive at freedom by offering those same five to the other.
§40.7.4.4'Stichus si Titio per triennium seruierit uel si illi centum operas dederit, liber esto'. constat hoc modo libertatem utiliter dari posse: nam et alienus seruus seruire nobis potest, sicuti liber, et multo magis operas dare: nisi testator seruitutis appellatione dominium magis quam operam intellexit.
'If Stichus serves Titius for three years or if he gives Titius one hundred days of labor, let him be free.' It is established that freedom can be validly given in this manner; for even another's slave can serve us, just like a free man, and much more so give labor, unless the testator by the term 'servitude' understood ownership rather than labor.
ideoque si prohibet heres Titio seruire, peruenit ad libertatem.
And therefore, if the heir prohibits him from serving Titius, he arrives at freedom.
§40.7.4.5'Stichus si heredi meo anno seruierit, liber esto': quaerendum est, annus quomodo accipi debeat, an qui ex continuis diebus trecentis sexaginta quinque constet an quibus libet.
'If Stichus serves my heir for a year, let him be free.' It must be asked how 'a year' ought to be understood, whether as consisting of three hundred and sixty-five consecutive days, or of any days whatever.
sed superius magis intellegendum Pomponius scribit.
But Pomponius writes that the former is rather to be understood.
sed et si quibusdam diebus aut ualetudo aut alia iusta causa impedimento fuerit, quo minus seruiat, et hi anno imputandi sunt: seruire enim nobis intelleguntur etiam hi, quos curamus aegros, qui cupientes seruire propter aduersam ualetudinem impediuntur.
But even if on certain days either ill health or another just cause was an impediment to his serving, these days too must be imputed to the year; for even those sick persons whom we care for, who desire to serve but are impeded on account of adverse health, are understood to serve us.
§40.7.4.6Item si decem heredi dare iussus fuerit, heres etiam per partes accipere fauore libertatis cogendus est.
Likewise, if he was ordered to give ten to the heir, the heir must be compelled to accept it even in parts, out of favor for freedom.
§40.7.4.7Ita liber esse iussus 'si Titius Capitolium ascenderit': si Titius nolit ascendere, impedietur libertas.
A slave ordered to be free in this way: 'if Titius ascends the Capitol'; if Titius is unwilling to ascend, the freedom will be impeded.
idemque iuris est in similibus causis et condicionibus.
And the same rule of law holds in similar cases and conditions.
§40.7.4.8Item Cassius ait ei, qui seruire iussus est anno, illud tempus, quo in fuga sit uel in controuersia pro libertate, non procedere.
Likewise Cassius says that, for one who was ordered to serve for a year, that time during which he is in flight or in a dispute for his freedom does not run.