[IDEM libro uicensimo primo quaestionum. ] §40.7.34.prSeruus si heredi decem dederit, liber esse iussus est: statuliberum heres eum manumisit ac postea defunctus est.
[THE SAME, from the twenty-first book of Questions.] If a slave is ordered to be free if he gives ten to the heir, and the heir manumits this conditionally manumitted slave and afterwards dies: the money does not have to be given to the heir's [heir].
heredis pecunia danda non est: quod enim placuit heredis heredi dari oportere, tunc memineris locum habere, cum prior heres dominus accepturus pecuniam fuit.
For you must remember that the rule that [the money] ought to be given to the heir's heir only applies when the first heir was the owner who was to receive the money.
quae causa facit ambulatoriam, ut ita dixerim, condicionem: duae sunt enim causae, per quas in primi heredis persona condicio impletur, dominii ratio, item personae demonstratio: prior causa transit in omnem successorem, ad quem peruenerit statuliber per dominii translati continuationem, sequens personae dumtaxat eius, qui demonstratus est, adhaeret.
This reason makes the condition, so to speak, ambulatory; for there are two grounds on which the condition is fulfilled in the person of the first heir: the principle of ownership, and the designation of the person. The former ground passes to every successor to whom the conditionally manumitted slave comes through the continuation of the transferred ownership; the latter adheres solely to the person of him who was designated.
§40.7.34.1Imperator Antoninus rescripsit iussum rationes reddere et liberum esse, si heres causabitur accipere rationes, nihilo minus liberum fore.
The Emperor Antoninus issued a rescript that if a slave who is ordered to render accounts and be free finds that the heir makes excuses to avoid receiving the accounts, he shall nevertheless be free.
quod rescriptum ita accipi debet, ut, si reliqua non trahat, liber sit: quod si trahat, ita demum, si obtulit eam quantitatem, quae refundi debuit ex fide ueritatis: non enim libertati sufficit heredem in mora fuisse, si non id fiat per statuliberum, quod remota mora libertati aditum daret.
This rescript must be understood to mean that if he does not drag any unpaid balance, he is free; but if he does, then only if he has offered that amount which ought to be refunded according to the truth of good faith. For it is not sufficient for freedom that the heir was in delay, if that which, once delay was removed, would open the way to freedom is not performed by the conditionally manumitted slave.
quid enim si ita manumissum 'Dama si in Hispaniam profectus anno proximo fructus coegerit, liber esto ' Romae retineat heres neque proficisci patiatur? numquid dicturi sumus statim ante fructus coactos liberum fore? nam et cum Romae stipulatio concipitur ita 'centum in Hispania dare spondes?', inesse tempus stipulationi, quo possit in Hispaniam peruenire, nec ante iure agi placuit.
For what if the heir retains at Rome and does not allow to depart a slave manumitted in this way: "Let Dama be free if, having gone to Spain, he collects the fruits next year"? Shall we say that he will be free immediately, before the fruits are collected? For even when a stipulation is conceived at Rome thus: "Do you promise to give one hundred in Spain?", it is accepted that there is inherent in the stipulation the time in which he can arrive in Spain, and that an action cannot be brought at law before then.
sed si heres acceptis rationibus et reliquis computatis donare se ea statulibero non habenti quod inferat proscribat aut etiam litteris ad eum missis palam faciat, condicio libertatis impleta uidebitur.
But if the heir, having received the accounts and calculated the unpaid balance, advertises that he forgives them to the conditionally manumitted slave who has nothing to pay, or even makes it public by sending a letter to him, the condition of freedom will be deemed to have been fulfilled.
quid ergo, si neget se reliqua traxisse atque ideo, quia per heredem steterit, ut accipiat rationes, liberum factum, heres autem neque se fecisse moram et reliqua debere statuliberum contendat? apud eum qui de libertate cognoscit, an condicio sit impleta, constabit: cuius officio continebitur de mora considerare nec minus computare rationes et, si reliqua trahi compererit, non esse liberum pronuntiare.
What then, if the slave denies that he dragged an unpaid balance, and asserts that he has become free because it was due to the heir that he did not receive the accounts, while the heir contends that he himself made no delay and that the conditionally manumitted slave owes the unpaid balance? Before the judge who takes cognizance of freedom, it will be established whether the condition has been fulfilled; and it will belong to his office to consider the delay, and no less to calculate the accounts, and, if he finds that an unpaid balance is dragged, to pronounce that the slave is not free.
sed si numquam negauit reliqua debere, cum autem conueniret heredem et rationes offerret, professus sit refusurum, quidquid in reliquis esse constiterit et eius pecuniae reum numerare paratum idoneum obtulit et heres in mora fuit: sententia pro libertate dicetur.
But if the slave has never denied that he owes the unpaid balance, and, when he met the heir and offered the accounts, declared that he would refund whatever should be established to be in the unpaid balance, and offered a suitable guarantor ready to count out that money, and the heir was in delay, judgment will be given in favor of freedom.