[PAULUS libro sexto decimo ad Plautium. ] §40.7.20.prSi peculium seruo legatum sit, qui iussus est alii dare decem et sic liber esse, et heres eum prohibuerit dare, deinde manumissus peculium petat ex causa legati, an per doli exceptionem eam summam, quam daturus esset, deducere heres possit, ut ipsi prosit, non manumisso, quod ea pecunia data non est? an uero indignus sit heres, qui contra uoluntatem defuncti fecit, eam pecuniam lucrari? et cum seruo nihil absit et libertas ei competit, inuidiosum est heredem fraudari.
If a peculium has been bequeathed to a slave who has been ordered to pay ten to another and thus be free, and the heir has prevented him from paying, and then the manumitted slave claims the peculium on the basis of the legacy, can the heir, by means of an exception of bad faith, deduct that sum which the slave would have paid, so that it may benefit the heir himself and not the manumitted slave, since that money was not paid? Or, indeed, is the heir, who acted against the will of the deceased, unworthy of gaining that money? And since nothing is lacking to the slave and freedom belongs to him, it is unjust for the heir to be defrauded.
§40.7.20.1De illo quaeritur, si inuito herede det aut nesciente, an faciat nummos accipientis.
The question is asked regarding this: if he should pay against the will of the heir or without his knowledge, does he make the coins the property of the recipient?
et Iulianus uere existimat ex hac causa concessam uideri statuliberis alienationem nummorum etiam inuito herede et ideo facere eos accipientis pecuniam.
And Julian correctly thinks that for this reason, the power of alienating coins seems to have been granted to conditionally free slaves even against the will of the heir, and therefore they make the money the property of the recipient.
§40.7.20.2Quod si heredi dare iussus est decem et eam summam heres debeat seruo: si uelit seruus eam pecuniam compensare, erit liber.
But if he has been ordered to pay ten to the heir, and the heir owes that sum to the slave: if the slave wishes to set off that money, he will be free.
§40.7.20.3Is, cui seruus pecuniam dare iussus est ut liber esset, decessit.
The person to whom the slave was ordered to pay money so that he might be free has died.
Sabinus, si decem habuisset parata, liberum fore, quia non staret per eum, quo minus daret.
Sabinus thought that if the slave had ten ready, he would be free, because it was not through him that payment was not made.
Iulianus autem ait fauore libertatis constituto iure hunc ad libertatem peruenturum, etiamsi postea habere coeperit decem.
Julian, however, says that by the law established out of favor for liberty, he will attain freedom even if he begins to have ten afterwards.
adeo autem constituto potius iure quam ex testamento ad libertatem peruenit, ut, si eidem et legatum sit, mortuo eo cui dare iussus est ad libertatem quidem perueniet, non autem et legatum habiturus est: idque et Iulianus putat, ut in hoc ceteris legatariis similis sit.
Furthermore, he attains freedom by the established law rather than from the testament to such an extent that, if a legacy has also been given to the same slave, when the person to whom he was ordered to pay dies, he will indeed attain freedom, but he will not also have the legacy; and Julian also thinks this, so that in this respect he is similar to other legatees.
diuersa causa est eius, quem heres prohibet condicioni parere: hic enim ex testamento ad libertatem peruenit.
The case of him whom the heir prevents from complying with the condition is different: for this person attains freedom from the testament.
§40.7.20.4Heredi autem iussum dare etiam heredis heredi dare posse diuus Hadrianus rescripsit: et si hoc sensit testator, etiam in legatario idem dicendum est.
Moreover, the deified Hadrian wrote in a rescript that what was ordered to be paid to the heir can also be paid to the heir's heir; and if the testator intended this, the same must be said also in the case of a legatee.
§40.7.20.5Quaedam condiciones natura sui nec possunt eodem tempore impleri, sed necessariam habent temporis diuisionem, uelut cum decem operarum iussus est dare, quia operae per singulos dies dantur.
Certain conditions by their own nature cannot be fulfilled at the same time, but have a necessary division of time, as when he is ordered to give ten days of labor, because labor is given day by day.
igitur et si singulos aureos det statuliber, potest dici eum implesse condicionem.
Therefore, even if the conditionally free slave pays one gold coin at a time, it can be said that he has fulfilled the condition.
alia causa est operarum, quia hae necessario singulae edendae sunt.
The case of labor is different, because these must of necessity be performed individually.
sed et si heres accipere uoluerit, non statim liber erit, sed cum tempus transierit, per quod operarum quantitas consummatur.
But even if the heir wishes to receive them, he will not be free immediately, but when the time has passed through which the quantity of labor is completed.
idem dicendum est, si iussum Capuam ire et liberum esse heres prohibeat ire: tunc enim erit liber, cum peruenire Capuam potuisset: inesse enim uidetur tempus tam operarum praestationi quam itineri.
The same must be said if, when he was ordered to go to Capua and be free, the heir prevents him from going: for he will be free at the time when he would have been able to arrive at Capua; for time seems to be inherent both in the provision of labor and in a journey.
§40.7.20.6Si ita quis acceperit libertatem 'Stichus, si heres eum non manumiserit, liber esto', poterit ab herede manumitti: non contra uoluntatem testatoris adimitur ei libertus.
If anyone has received freedom in this way, "Stichus, if the heir does not manumit him, let him be free," he can be manumitted by the heir; a freedman is not taken away from the heir against the will of the testator.
sed non tam continuum tempus exigendum est, ut praecipitari cogatur heres uel ex peregrinatione celerius reuerti ad manumittendum uel administrationem rerum necessariarum intermittere, nec rursus tam longum, ut, quamdiu uiuat, protrahatur manumissio, sed modicum, quo primum possit sine magno incommodo suo heres manumittere.
But a time so continuous should not be required that the heir is forced to be rushed, or to return more quickly from a journey abroad to manumit him, or to interrupt the management of necessary affairs; nor, on the other hand, so long that the manumission is prolonged as long as the heir lives, but a moderate time within which the heir can first manumit without great inconvenience to himself.
quod si tempus adiectum fuerit, illud spectabitur.
But if a time has been added, that will be regarded.