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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §40.5.53.pr

Status of Children Born During Delayed Manumission

Passage 6466 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This section rules on the freeborn status of children born during the delay of a requested manumission of a female slave, and provides relief for children if the heir maliciously delayed accepting the inheritance, directing that they be delivered to and manumitted by their mother.

[MARCIANUS libro quarto regularum. ] §40.5.53.prSi quis rogatus ancillam manumittere moram fecerit, si interea enixa fuerit, constitutum est huiusmodi partum liberum nasci et quidem ingenuum.
[MARCIANUS in the fourth book of Rules.] If anyone who has been requested to manumit a female slave has fallen into delay, and she has given birth in the meantime, it has been established that a child born in this manner is born free, and indeed freeborn.
sed sunt constitutiones, quibus cauetur statim ex quo libertas deberi coeperit ingenuum nasci: et hoc magis est sine dubio sequendum, quatenus libertas non priuata, sed publica res est, ut ultro is qui eam debet offerre debeat.
But there are constitutions by which it is provided that, from the very moment that freedom begins to be due, the child is born freeborn; and this opinion is undoubtedly the one to be followed, since freedom is not a private but a public matter, so that he who owes it ought to offer it of his own accord.
sed si nondum debita libertate fideicommissa ancilla peperit, studio tamen heredis fuerit effectum, ut nondum libertas deberetur, ueluti quod tardius adit hereditatem, ut qui nati sint ex ancilla serui eius fiant, placet manumittendos, sed tradi matri oportere, ut ab ea manumitterentur et liberti potius matris fiant: nam quos indignus est heres seruos habere, ne quidem libertos habebit.
But if the female slave subject to a trust gave birth when freedom was not yet due, but it was nevertheless brought about by the design of the heir that freedom was not yet due—for example, because he was slower in entering upon the inheritance, so that those born of the female slave might become his slaves—it is held that they must be manumitted, but they ought to be delivered to their mother, so that they may be manumitted by her and become the freedmen of their mother instead; for the heir shall not even have as freedmen those whom he is unworthy to have as slaves.

Notes

  1. §40.5.53.prnondum debita libertate — An ablative absolute construction expressing 'when freedom was not yet due'. `libertate` is the noun in the ablative, and `debita` is the perfect passive participle (or adjective) in the ablative, modified by `nondum`.
  2. §40.5.53.prplacet manumittendos — An accusative and infinitive construction governed by the impersonal verb `placet` ('it is held/resolved'), with `esse` omitted after the gerundive `manumittendos`. The implied subject in the accusative is to be understood from the preceding clause `qui nati sint ex ancilla` (the children born of the female slave).
  3. §40.5.53.prquos indignus est heres seruos habere — The adjective `indignus` is construed here with the infinitive `habere` ('unworthy to have'), which is a poetic or later prose usage instead of the classical construction with `qui` and the subjunctive. The relative pronoun `quos` contains its own antecedent (`eos`) and serves as the direct object of both `habere` and the main verb `habebit`, while `seruos` acts as a predicative accusative with `habere` ('to have as slaves').

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §40.5.53.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:40.5.53.pr

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