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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §40.4.44.pr

Immediate Freedom Conditioned on Tomb Maintenance

Passage 6392 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

In a case where Maevia bequeathed freedom to her slaves on the condition of maintaining her tomb, Modestinus rules that the freedom is not suspended but takes effect immediately, while the performance of their duties should be enforced by the judge.

[IDEM libro decimo responsorum. ] §40.4.44.prMaeuia decedens seruis suis nomine Sacco et Eutychiae et Irenae sub condicione libertatem reliquit his uerbis: 'saccus seruus meus et Eutychia et Irene ancillae meae omnes sub hac condicione liberi sunto, ut monumento meo alternis mensibus lucernam accendant et sollemnia mortis peragant': quaero, cum adsiduo monumento Maeuiae Saccus et Eutychia et Irene non adsint, an liberi esse possunt.
[THE SAME in the tenth book of Opinions.] Maevia, on her deathbed, left freedom to her slaves named Saccus, Eutychia, and Irene under a condition in these words: "Let my slave Saccus and my female slaves Eutychia and Irene all be free under this condition, that they light a lamp at my tomb in alternate months and perform the solemn rites of death." I ask, since Saccus, Eutychia, and Irene are not constantly present at the tomb of Maevia, whether they can be free.
Modestinus respondit neque contextum uerborum totius scripturae neque mentem testatricis eam esse, ut libertas sub condicione suspensa sit, cum liberos eos monumento adesse uoluit: officio tamen iudicis eos esse compellendos testatricis iussioni parere.
Modestinus replied that neither the context of the words of the entire writing nor the intention of the testatrix was such that the freedom was suspended under a condition, since she wished them to be present at the tomb as free persons; however, they ought to be compelled by the office of the judge to obey the command of the testatrix.

Notes

  1. §40.4.44.prliberos — The adjective liberos is used predicatively with the accusative subject eos ("them as free persons"). Modestinus argues that because the testatrix wanted them to attend the tomb "as free persons," the grant of freedom was not suspended under a condition but took effect immediately, with the performance of the duties to be enforced subsequently.
  2. §40.4.44.prut libertas sub condicione suspensa sit — A clause introduced by ut which explains or defines the demonstrative pronoun eam ("such that freedom is suspended under a condition").

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §40.4.44.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:40.4.44.pr

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