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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §40.4.40.pr-40.4.40.1

Overlap of Grant of Freedom and Trust with Security for Delivery

Passage 6388 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This section discusses the heir's obligation when a trust and a grant of freedom overlap on the same slave, as well as the security required for delivering a slave whose freedom is granted under a condition via trust.

[POMPONIUS libro quinto ex Plautio. ] §40.4.40.prIulianus ait, cum idem homo et per fideicommissum detur alicui et liber esse iubeatur, heredem libertatem praestare debere: non enim cogetur, inquit, ex causa fideicommissi aestimationem sufferre, cum debitam libertatem reddiderit.
[POMPONIUS in the fifth book on Plautius.] Julian says that, when the same person is both given to someone by way of a trust and ordered to be free, the heir must provide the freedom; for he says that the heir will not be compelled to bear the valuation on account of the trust when he has rendered the freedom that was due.
§40.4.40.1Sed et cum sub condicione seruo libertas per fideicommissum detur et ipse praesenti die daretur, non aliter tradere eum cogetur, quam ut caueatur existente condicione libertati eum restitutum iri: nam in omnibus fere causis fideicommissas libertates pro directo datis habendas.
But also, when freedom is given to a slave by way of a trust under a condition, and the slave himself is given immediately, the heir will not be compelled to deliver him otherwise than on the condition that security is given that, upon the existence of the condition, he will be restored to freedom; for in almost all cases, trusted freedoms are to be held as if granted directly.
sed Ofilius aiebat, si adimendi legati causa fideicommissam libertatem testator dedisset, ea uera esse: si uero onerari heredem a testatore legatarius ostenderit, aestimationem nihilo minus legatario praestandam.
But Ofilius used to say that if the testator had given the trusted freedom for the purpose of revoking the legacy, those things are true; but if the legatee should show that the heir was burdened by the testator, the valuation must nevertheless be provided to the legatee.

Notes

  1. §40.4.40.prheredem libertatem praestare debere — An accusative with infinitive clause (indirect speech) introduced by `Iulianus ait`. The subject is the accusative `heredem`, and the verb is the infinitive `debere`.
  2. §40.4.40.1praesenti die — A legal expression meaning "immediately" or "without delay". It indicates a situation where the slave himself is to be delivered immediately, even though the grant of freedom is subject to a future condition.
  3. §40.4.40.1non aliter tradere eum cogetur, quam ut caueatur — The construction `non aliter... quam ut` (not otherwise... than that / only if) followed by the subjunctive present passive `caueatur` (security is given), indicating that the heir is not compelled to deliver the slave unless security is provided.
  4. §40.4.40.1pro directo datis habendas — An infinitive construction in indirect speech, where `esse` is to be supplied as `habendas [esse]`. `pro directo datis` means "as if granted directly," indicating that the trusted freedom has the same legal effect as direct freedom (libertas directa) granted in a will.
  5. §40.4.40.1adimendi legati causa — An expression of purpose using `causa` with the genitive (the gerundive `adimendi` agreeing with the noun `legati`). "For the purpose of revoking the legacy."

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §40.4.40.pr-40.4.40.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:40.4.40.pr-40.4.40.1

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