Humanitext Reader

Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §40.1.7.pr

Manumission of a Peculium Slave and Father's Pre-Bequest

Passage 6301 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

It discusses how the chronological order between a son's manumission of a slave in his peculium and the father's pre-bequest of that peculium affects the slave's legal status (whether he becomes the freedman of one or the common slave of both).

[IDEM libro septimo digestorum. ] §40.1.7.prDuo filii familias peculiares seruos separatim uterque habebant: ex his alter seruulum suum peculiarem uiuo patre manumisit: pater utrique testamento peculium praelegauerat.
[THE SAME, in the seventh book of Digests.] Two sons under paternal power each had slaves in their peculium separately; of these, one manumitted his young slave from his peculium while their father was still living. The father had by will pre-bequeathed the peculium to each of them.
quaerebatur, seruus iste utrum amborum, an eius a quo manumissus erat libertus esset.
The question was asked whether that slave was the manumitted slave of both, or of the one by whom he had been manumitted.
respondit, si prius testamentum pater fecisset, quam filius eum liberum esse iussisset, unius esse libertum, ideo quod eum quoque in peculio legasse uideretur: sed si postea testamentum pater fecisset, non uideri eam mentem eius fuisse, ut eum, qui manumissus esset, legaret eumque seruum, quoniam praelegatus non esset, mortuo patre amborum seruum fuisse.
He answered that if the father had made his will before the son had ordered him to be free, he was the manumitted slave of the one alone, because he seemed to have bequeathed him also as part of the peculium; but if the father had made his will afterwards, it did not seem to have been his intention to bequeath one who had been manumitted, and since he had not been pre-bequeathed, that slave, upon the father's death, was the slave of both.

Notes

  1. §40.1.7.prpraelegauerat — The verb praelegare (to pre-bequeath) means to bequeath a specific piece of property to one of the co-heirs before the division and calculation of the inheritance. Here, the father did this to secure the respective peculium for each of his two sons.
  2. §40.1.7.pramborum seruum fuisse — If the will was made after the manumission, the slave who had (supposedly) been manumitted is deemed to have been excluded from the father's intention (mens) to pre-bequeath the peculium. Consequently, the slave fell out of the pre-legacy and remained in the general estate, becoming the joint property (amborum servum) of the two sons as co-heirs. A son's independent manumission depended on the father's implied consent; when this failed, the slave retained their status and was inherited.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §40.1.7.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:40.1.7.pr

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.