[PAULUS libro uicensimo secundo ad edictum. ] §4.9.6.prLicet gratis nauigaueris uel in caupona gratis deuerteris, non tamen in factum actiones tibi denegabuntur, si damnum iniuria passus es.
[PAULUS in his twenty-second book on the Edict.] Although you may have traveled by ship free of charge or stayed in an inn free of charge, nevertheless actions on the facts will not be denied to you if you have suffered unlawful damage.
§4.9.6.1Si seruo meo in naue uel in caupona utaris et damnum mihi det uel furtum faciat, quamquam et furti actio et damni iniuria mecum sit, haec tamen actio, quia in factum est, etiam serui mei nomine aduersus te competit.
If you employ my slave on a ship or in an inn, and he causes damage to me or commits a theft, although I have both an action for theft and an action for unlawful damage against you, nevertheless this action, because it is on the facts, is competent against you even on account of my slave.
idem dicetur, et si communis sit: tu tamen quod mihi praestiteris eius nomine, uel communi diuidundo uel pro socio actione, aut si partem eius uel totum conduxisti, etiam ex conducto habebis me obligatum.
The same will be said even if he is a common slave; however, for what you have paid to me on his account, you will hold me obligated either by the action for dividing common property or by the action on partnership, or, if you hired a part or the whole of him, also by the action on hiring.
§4.9.6.2Sed si damnum in eo datum sit ab alio, qui in eadem naue uel caupona est, cuius factum praetor aestimare solet, non putat Pomponius eius nomine hanc actionem utilem futuram.
But if damage has been caused to him by another person who is in the same ship or inn (whose conduct the praetor is accustomed to assess), Pomponius does not think that this action will be available as an action by analogy on his account.
§4.9.6.3In factum actione caupo tenetur pro his, qui habitandi causa in caupona sunt: hoc autem non pertinet ad eum, qui hospitio repentino recipitur, ueluti uiator.
An innkeeper is held liable under the action on the facts for those who are in the inn for the purpose of residing there; however, this does not apply to one who is received in temporary hospitality, such as a traveler.
§4.9.6.4Possumus autem furti uel damni iniuriae actione uti cum nautis, ut certi hominis factum arguamus: sed una contenti esse debebimus, et si cum exercitore egerimus, praestare ei debemus actiones nostras, quamuis ex conducto actio aduersus eos competat exercitori.
We can, moreover, bring an action for theft or for unlawful damage against sailors, so as to charge the deed of a specific individual; but we must be content with one of them, and if we have sued the ship operator, we must transfer our actions to him, even though an action on hiring is competent to the operator against those sailors.
sed si absolutus sit exercitor hac actione, deinde agatur cum nauta, exceptio dabitur, ne saepius de eiusdem hominis admisso quaeratur.
But if the operator has been acquitted in this action, and then a suit is brought against the sailor, an exception will be granted, so that inquiry may not be made too often concerning the offense of the same person.
et contra, si de admisso unius hominis actum sit, deinde in factum actione agatur, exceptio dabitur.
And conversely, if a suit has been brought concerning the offense of one person, and then an action is brought on the facts, an exception will be granted.