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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §4.5.7.pr-4.5.7.3

Capitis Deminutio: Guardianship, Delicts, and Restitution

Passage 759 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Paulus discusses the impact of capitis minutio on tutelages and delictual obligations, and explains the limits of restitution when liberty or citizenship is lost.

[PAULUS libro undecimo ad edictum. ] §4.5.7.prTutelas etiam non amittit capitis minutio exceptis his, quae in iure alieno personis positis deferuntur.
[PAULUS libro undecimo ad edictum.] Capitis minutio does not lose tutelages either, except those which are conferred on persons placed under another's power.
igitur testamento dati uel ex lege uel ex senatus consulto erunt nihilo minus tutores: sed legitimae tutelae ex duodecim tabulis interuertuntur eadem ratione, qua et hereditates exinde legitimae, quia adgnatis deferuntur, qui desinunt esse familia mutati.
Therefore, those appointed by will, or by virtue of a law or a senatusconsult, will none the less be tutors: but statutory tutelages under the Twelve Tables are lost for the same reason as statutory inheritances resulting therefrom, because they are conferred on agnates, who cease to be such by a change of family.
ex nouis autem legibus et hereditates et tutelae plerumque sic deferuntur, ut personae naturaliter designentur: ut ecce deferunt hereditatem senatus consulta matri et filio.
But under newer laws, both inheritances and tutelages are for the most part so conferred that the persons are designated by natural relationship: as, for example, senatusconsults confer inheritance upon a mother and a son.
§4.5.7.1Iniuriarum et actionum ex delicto uenientium obligationes cum capite ambulant.
Obligations arising from injuries and actions proceeding from delict follow the person.
§4.5.7.2Si libertate adempta capitis deminutio subsecuta sit, nulli restitutioni aduersus seruum locus est, quia nec praetoria iurisdictione ita seruus obligatur, ut cum eo actio sit: sed utilis actio aduersus dominum danda est, ut Iulianus scribit, et nisi in solidum defendatur, permittendum mihi est in bona quae habuit mitti.
If capitis deminutio has followed upon deprivation of liberty, there is no room for any restitution against a slave, because a slave is not so obligated even under praetorian jurisdiction that an action can be brought against him: but a useful action must be granted against his master, as Julian writes, and unless he is defended for the whole amount, I must be permitted to be put into possession of the property which he had.
§4.5.7.3Item cum ciuitas amissa est, nulla restitutionis aequitas est aduersus eum, qui amissis bonis et ciuitate relicta nudus exulat.
Likewise, when citizenship is lost, there is no equity of restitution against one who, having lost his property and left his state, is in exile in destitution.

Notes

  1. 4.5.7.prpersonis positis — personis is a dative governed by the verb deferuntur. The participle positis (perfect passive participle of pono) modifies personis, and in iure alieno depends on positis, meaning "persons placed under another's power."
  2. 4.5.7.prfamilia mutati — mutati is a perfect passive participle agreeing with the subject qui (nominative plural, referring to agnates). familia is an ablative of specification (or cause/instrument), meaning "having been changed with respect to family."
  3. 4.5.7.2in bona quae habuit mitti — mitti is the present passive infinitive of mittere, deriving from the praetorian remedy mittere in bona (to put into possession of property). It serves as the subject of the impersonal gerundive construction permittendum est. The subject of habuit is the debtor who became a slave.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §4.5.7.pr-4.5.7.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:4.5.7.pr-4.5.7.3

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