[MARCIANUS libro singulari de delatoribus. ] §39.4.16.prInterdum nec uendendus est is seruus qui in commissum cecidit, sed pro eo aestimatio a domino danda est.
[MARCIAN, On Informers, Single Book.] Sometimes, a slave who has been subject to confiscation must not be sold, but instead his estimated value must be paid by the owner.
diui enim Seuerus et Antoninus rescripserunt, cum is seruus, qui actum domini gessisse diceretur, in commissum cecidisset, uenire non debuisse, sed pro eo uiri boni arbitratu aestimationem oportuisse dari.
For the deified Severus and Antoninus wrote in a rescript that, when a slave who was said to have conducted the business of his master had been subject to confiscation, he ought not to have been sold, but instead his estimated value ought to have been paid according to the decision of an honorable man.
§39.4.16.1Idem autem eadem epistula rescripserunt, si quis inprofessus seruus fuerit et probabitur in commissum cecidisse, et aut uxorem corrupisse domini dicatur aut aliud quid grauius admisisse, ut cognoscat procurator et, si in his causis esse compertus sit, aestimetur et ad poenam domino tradatur.
And the same emperors replied in the same letter that, if any undeclared slave is proved to have been subject to confiscation, and is said either to have corrupted the master's wife or to have committed some other more serious offense, the procurator should investigate the matter, and if the slave is found to be in these circumstances, he should be valued and delivered to the master for punishment.
§39.4.16.2Idem diui Seuerus et Antoninus rescripserunt mancipiis commissis res peculiares non esse in eadem causa nisi hoc, quod proprio nomine in causam commissi incidit.
The same deified Severus and Antoninus replied in a rescript that, in the case of confiscated slaves, their peculiar property (peculium) is not in the same situation, except for that which fell into the cause of confiscation on its own account.
§39.4.16.3Quotiens quis mancipia inuecta professus non fuerit siue uenalia siue usualia, poena commissi est, si tamen nouicia mancipia fuerint, non etiam ueterana.
Whenever anyone has not declared imported slaves, whether they are for sale or for personal use, there is a penalty of confiscation, provided, however, that they are newly acquired slaves, and not also veteran ones.
sunt autem ueterana, quae anno continuo in urbe seruierint: nouicia autem mancipia intelleguntur, quae annum nondum seruierint.
Moreover, veteran slaves are those who have served in the city for a continuous year, whereas newly acquired slaves are understood to be those who have not yet served for a year.
§39.4.16.4Serui, qui in fuga sunt, in commissum non cadunt, cum sine uoluntate domini fines egressi sunt: et ita principalibus constitutionibus cauetur, sicut diuus quoque Pius saepissime rescripsit, ne, inquit, in potestate seruorum sit inuitis uel ignorantibus dominis fugae se tradendo potestati dominorum se subtrahere. §39.4.16.5Licet quis se ignorasse dicat, nihilo minus eum in poenam uectigalis incidere diuus Hadrianus constituit.
Slaves who are in flight do not fall under confiscation, since they have crossed the borders without the will of their master; and this is provided for by the imperial constitutions, just as the deified Pius also very frequently wrote in his rescripts: "lest," he said, "it should be in the power of slaves to withdraw themselves from the control of their masters by giving themselves up to flight against the will or without the knowledge of their masters." Although someone may say that he was ignorant of the fact, the deified Hadrian nevertheless established that he incurs the penalty of the tax.
§39.4.16.6Diui quoque Marcus et Commodus rescripserunt non imputari publicano, quod non instruxit transgredientem: sed illud custodiendum, ne decipiat profiteri uolentes.
The deified Marcus and Commodus also replied in a rescript that it is not imputed to the tax collector that he did not instruct the person crossing; but this must be observed, that he does not deceive those who wish to declare.
§39.4.16.7Species pertinentes ad uectigal: cinnamomum: piper longum: piper album: folium pentasphaerum: folium barbaricum: costum costamomum: nardi stachys: cassia turiana: xylocassia: smurna: amomum: zingiberi: malabathrum: aroma Indicum: chalbane: laser: alche: lucia: sargogalla: onyx Arabicus: cardamomum: xylocinnamomum: opus byssicum: pelles Babylonicae: pelles Parthicae: ebur: ferrum Indicum: carpasum: lapis uniuersus: margarita: sardonyx: ceraunium: hyacinthus: smaragdus: adamas: saffirinus: callainus: beryllus: chelyniae: opia Indica uel adserta: metaxa: uestis serica uel subserica: uela tincta carbasea: nema sericum: spadones Indici: leones, leaenae: pardi: leopardi: pantherae: purpura: item marocorum lana: fucus: capilli Indici.
Articles subject to customs duty: cinnamon, long pepper, white pepper, five-lobed leaf, foreign leaf, costum, costamomum, spike of nard, Turian cassia, wood-cassia, myrrh, amomum, ginger, malabathrum, Indian spice, galbanum, laser, alche, lucia, sargogalla, Arabian onyx, cardamom, wood-cinnamon, byssus-work, Babylonian skins, Parthian skins, ivory, Indian iron, carpasum, all kinds of precious stones, pearls, sardonyx, ceraunium, hyacinth, emerald, adamant, sapphire, callainus, beryl, tortoise-shells, Indian opium or related products, raw silk, silk or half-silk garments, dyed carpasus sails, silk thread, Indian eunuchs, lions, lionesses, leopards, panthers, ounces, purple, also wool of the Maroci, lichen-dye, Indian hair.
§39.4.16.8Si propter necessitatem aduersae tempestatis expositum onus fuerit, non debere hoc commisso uindicari diui fratres rescripserunt.
The deified brothers replied in a rescript that if a cargo is unloaded because of the necessity of a storm, this should not be claimed as confiscated.
§39.4.16.9Diuus quoque Pius rescripsit, cum quidam intra legitimam aetatem esse dicebat et usus causa mancipia duxisset et in sola professione errasset, ignoscendum esse ei.
The deified Pius also replied in a rescript that when someone asserted he was within the legal age and had brought slaves for his own use and erred only in the declaration, he should be pardoned.
§39.4.16.10Diui quoque fratres rescripserunt, cum quidam non per fraudem, sed per errorem in causam commissi incidisset, ut duplo uectigali contenti publicani seruos restituant.
The deified brothers also replied in a rescript that, when someone had fallen into the cause of confiscation not through fraud but through error, the tax collectors should be content with double the tax and return the slaves.
§39.4.16.11Magnus Antoninus rescripsit, si colonus uel serui domini praedii ferrum illicite in praedio fecerint ignorante domino, nulla poena dominum teneri.
The Great Antoninus replied in a rescript that if a tenant farmer or the slaves of the owner of an estate illegally produced iron on the estate without the owner's knowledge, the owner is held by no penalty.
§39.4.16.12Si quis professus apud publicanum fuerit, non tamen uectigal soluerit, hoc concedente publicano, ut solent facere, diui Seuerus et Antoninus rescripserunt res in commissum non cadere: cum enim, inquiunt, professiones recitantur, commissum cessat, cum poterit satisfieri fisco ex bonis publicanorum uel fideiussorum.
If anyone has made a declaration to the tax collector, but has not paid the tax, with the consent of the tax collector, as they are accustomed to do, the deified Severus and Antoninus replied in a rescript that the goods do not fall under confiscation; for they say, when declarations are read out, confiscation ceases, since the treasury can be satisfied out of the property of the tax collectors or their guarantors.
§39.4.16.13Poenae ab heredibus peti non possunt, si non est quaestio mota uiuo eo qui deliquit: et hoc sicut in ceteris poenis, ita et in uectigalibus est.
Penalties cannot be sought from heirs if the question was not raised during the lifetime of the offender; and this is the case for customs duties just as in other penalties.
§39.4.16.14Si quid autem indebitum per errorem soluentis publicanus accepit, retro eum restituere oportere diui Seuerus et Antoninus rescripserunt.
Moreover, if the tax collector has received anything not due through the error of the payer, the deified Severus and Antoninus replied in a rescript that he must restore it.