Humanitext Reader

Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §38.10.10.17#1

Enumeration and Calculation of Kin in the Sixth Degree

Passage 6056 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This section details the 448 relatives belonging to the sixth degree of relationship, providing the calculations and lineage paths for various titles such as the great-great-great-great-grandfather (tritauus) and greatest paternal great-uncle (patruus maximus), as well as mathematically explaining the sixty-four combinations for the grandchildren of a paternal great-uncle.

[IDEM libro singulari de gradibus et adfinibus et nominibus eorum. ] §38.10.10.17#1Sexto gradu continentur personae quadringentae quadraginta octo hae.
In the sixth degree, four hundred and forty-eight persons are included: namely, the great-great-great-great-grandfather.
tritauus: est autem tritauus patris et matris atauus, aui uel auiae abauus, proaui proauiae proauus, abaui uel abauiae auus, ataui uel atauiae pater, dictus quasi tertius auus: personas autem complectitur triginta duo: geminetur enim necesse est numerus, qui in atauo fuit immutatione per singulas personas propter atauiam facta, ut sedecies tritauus intellegatur ataui pater et totiens atauiae.
The great-great-great-great-grandfather is the great-great-great-grandfather of a father and mother, the great-great-grandfather of a grandfather or grandmother, the great-grandfather of a great-grandfather or great-grandmother, the grandfather of a great-great-grandfather or great-great-grandmother, the father of a great-great-great-grandfather or great-great-great-grandmother, being called, as it were, a third grandfather. This designation comprises thirty-two persons; for the number which was in the great-great-great-grandfather must be doubled, because of the substitution made for the great-great-great-grandmother through individual persons, so that the great-great-great-great-grandfather is understood sixteen times as the father of a great-great-great-grandfather, and just as many times of a great-great-great-grandmother.
tritauia similiter numerata faciet personas triginta duo.
The great-great-great-great-grandmother similarly counted will make thirty-two persons.
patruus maximus: is est abaui frater, ataui et atauiae filius, patris uel matris patruus maior: personas continebit sedecim sic. pater auus proauus abauus atauus abaui frater pater auus proauus abauus atauia frater abaui pater auus proauia abauus atauus frater abaui pater auus proauia abauus atauia frater abaui pater auia proauus abauus atauus frater abaui pater auia proauus abauus atauia frater abaui pater auia proauia abauus atauus frater abaui pater auia proauia abauus atauia frater abaui totidem erunt matris appellatione proposita.
The greatest paternal great-uncle: he is the great-great-grandfather's brother, the son of a great-great-great-grandfather and great-great-great-grandmother, the greater paternal great-uncle of a father or mother: he will contain sixteen persons as follows: father - grandfather - great-grandfather - great-great-grandfather - great-great-great-grandfather - great-great-grandfather's brother, father - grandfather - great-grandfather - great-great-grandfather - great-great-great-grandmother - great-great-grandfather's brother, father - grandfather - great-granddaughter - great-great-grandfather - great-great-great-grandfather - great-great-grandfather's brother, father - grandfather - great-granddaughter - great-great-grandfather - great-great-great-grandmother - great-great-grandfather's brother, father - grandmother - great-grandfather - great-great-grandfather - great-great-great-grandfather - great-great-grandfather's brother, father - grandmother - great-grandfather - great-great-grandfather - great-great-great-grandmother - great-great-grandfather's brother, father - grandmother - great-granddaughter - great-great-grandfather - great-great-great-grandfather - great-great-grandfather's brother, father - grandmother - great-granddaughter - great-great-grandfather - great-great-great-grandmother - great-great-grandfather's brother. There will be just as many if the designation of the mother is proposed.
auunculus maximus: is est abauiae frater, patris uel matris auunculus maior: et numerus idem et personarum expositio eadem quae supra hoc dumtaxat immutato, ut pro abaui fratre abauiae fratrem ponas.
The greatest maternal great-uncle: he is the great-great-grandmother's brother, the greater maternal great-uncle of a father or mother: both the number and the exposition of persons are the same as above, with only this changed, that instead of the great-great-grandfather's brother, you place the great-great-grandmother's brother.
amita maxima: ea est abaui soror, patris uel matris amita maior: cetera ut in patruo maximo immutato hoc tantum, ut ubi est abaui frater ponatur abaui soror.
The greatest paternal great-aunt: she is the great-great-grandfather's sister, the greater paternal great-aunt of a father or mother: other things are as in the greatest paternal great-uncle, with only this changed, that where the great-great-grandfather's brother is, the great-great-grandfather's sister is placed.
matertera maxima: ea est abauiae soror, patris uel matris matertera maior: cetera ut supra ad extremum dumtaxat pro abauiae fratre proposita abauiae sorore.
The greatest maternal great-aunt: she is the great-great-grandmother's sister, the greater maternal great-aunt of a father or mother: other things are as above, with the great-great-grandmother's sister being proposed at the very end instead of the great-great-grandmother's brother.
hos omnes, quos a patruo maximo posuimus, quidam his nominibus designant: abpatruus abauunculus, abamita abmatertera: itaque et nos indifferenter hos ponemus.
All of these whom we have recorded starting from the greatest paternal great-uncle, some call by these names: abpatruus, abauunculus, abamita, abmatertera; and so we also shall place these indifferenter.
quos ego autem appello abpatruos abauunculos, abamitas abmaterteras, illi me demonstrant fratris sororisque abnepotem.
But while I call them abpatruus, abauunculus, abamita, and abmatertera, they on the contrary point to me as the great-great-grandson of a brother or sister.
patrui maioris filius filia: hi sunt proaui fratris filius filia, abaui abauiae per proauum nepos neptis ex filio: personae sub hoc erunt sedecim, enumeratione sic ducta ut in quinto gradu, cum patruum maiorem demonstraremus, fecimus, adiecto dumtaxat filio filia, quia filius patrui maioris totidem necesse est personas complectatur, quot patruus maior, id est octo.
The son and daughter of a greater paternal great-uncle: these are the son and daughter of a great-grandfather's brother, the grandson and granddaughter of a great-great-grandfather or great-great-grandmother from a son through a great-grandfather: under this there will be sixteen persons, the enumeration being drawn just as we did in the fifth degree when we demonstrated the greater paternal great-uncle, with only the son and daughter being added, because the son of a greater paternal great-uncle must contain just as many persons as the greater paternal great-uncle, that is, eight.
totidem ex filiae persona computatis is numerus efficietur, quem supra posuimus.
By calculating just as many from the person of the daughter, that number which we placed above will be completed.
amitae maioris filius filia: hi sunt proaui sororis filius filia, abaui abauiae per proauum nepos neptis ex filia: et hic eadem ratione personas dinumerabimus totidem.
The son and daughter of a greater paternal great-aunt: these are the son and daughter of a great-grandfather's sister, the grandson and granddaughter of a great-great-grandfather or great-great-grandmother from a daughter through a great-grandfather: and here we shall calculate just as many persons by the same reasoning.
auunculi maioris filius filia: hi sunt proauiae fratris filius filia, abaui abauiae per proauiam nepos neptis ex filio.
The son and daughter of a greater maternal great-uncle: these are the son and daughter of a great-grandmother's brother, the grandson and granddaughter of a great-great-grandfather or great-great-grandmother from a son through a great-grandmother.
eadem hic dinumeratio facienda est, quae in patrui maioris filio filia.
The same enumeration is to be made here as in the case of the son and daughter of a greater paternal great-uncle.
materterae maioris filius filia: hi sunt proauiae sororis filius filia, abaui abauiae per proauiam nepos neptis ex filia: circa numerum personarum et expositionem ut supra.
The son and daughter of a greater maternal great-aunt: these are the son and daughter of a great-grandmother's sister, the grandson and granddaughter of a great-great-grandfather or great-great-grandmother from a daughter through a great-grandmother: concerning the number of persons and exposition, they are as above.
hi omnes, quos proposuimus a patrui maioris filio, auo auiaeue eius, de cuius cognatione quaeritur, fratribus et sororibus eorum consobrini consobrinaeue sunt: at patri matrique eiusdem fratribusque et sororibus utrius eorum propius sobrinis.
All of these whom we have proposed starting from the son of a greater paternal great-uncle are cousins to the grandfather or grandmother of the one whose relationship is being investigated, and to their brothers and sisters; but to the father and mother of the same, and to the brothers and sisters of either of them, they are closer than a sobrinus.
patrui magni nepos uel neptis, amitae magnae nepos uel neptis, auunculi magni nepos uel neptis, materterae magnae nepos uel neptis: haec singula nomina continent personas sexaginta quattuor: nam cum patrui magni uerbi gratia persona quadrifariam intellegatur, nepotis bifariam, geminatur is numerus nepote dumtaxat adnumerato et quadruplatur is qui geminatus erat: duplicatur etiam nepte computata.
The grandson or granddaughter of a paternal great-uncle, the grandson or granddaughter of a paternal great-aunt, the grandson or granddaughter of a maternal great-uncle, the grandson or granddaughter of a maternal great-aunt: these individual names contain sixty-four persons; for since, for example, the person of the paternal great-uncle is understood in a fourfold way, and that of the grandson in a twofold way, that number is doubled when only the grandson is counted, and that which had been doubled is quadrupled; it is also doubled when the granddaughter is computed.
et tantum unius denumerationem proponimus exempli gratia: pater auus proauus frater aui qui est patruus magnus filius eius nepos eiusdem ex filio item neptis pater auus proauia frater aui qui est patruus magnus filius eius nepos eiusdem ex filio item neptis pater auus proauus frater aui qui est patruus magnus filia eius nepos eiusdem ex filia item neptis pater auus proauia frater aui qui est patruus magnus filia eius nepos eiusdem ex filia item neptis totidem et eadem ratione exponuntur matris nomine anteposito, id est ut aui materni fratris nepotes et neptes computemus.
And we propose the enumeration of only one for the sake of example: father - grandfather - great-grandfather - grandfather's brother, who is the paternal great-uncle - his son - the grandson of the same from a son, and likewise the granddaughter. father - grandfather - great-grandmother - grandfather's brother, who is the paternal great-uncle - his son - the grandson of the same from a son, and likewise the granddaughter. father - grandfather - great-grandfather - grandfather's brother, who is the paternal great-uncle - his daughter - the grandson of the same from a daughter, and likewise the granddaughter. father - grandfather - great-grandmother - grandfather's brother, who is the paternal great-uncle - his daughter - the grandson of the same from a daughter, and likewise the granddaughter. Just as many and by the same reasoning are explained when the name of the mother is placed first, that is, so that we compute the grandsons and granddaughters of a maternal grandfather's brother.
item in amita magna, id est aui sororis, nepotes neptesque enumerabimus: idemque in auunculo magno, id est auiae fratris: eadem ratione in materterae magnae, id est auiae sororis: ex quibus uniuersus numerus completur sexaginta quattuor.
Likewise, in the case of a paternal great-aunt, that is, a grandfather's sister, we shall enumerate grandsons and granddaughters; and the same in the case of a maternal great-uncle, that is, a grandmother's brother; by the same reasoning in the case of a maternal great-aunt, that is, a grandmother's sister: from which the entire number of sixty-four is completed.

Notes

  1. §38.10.10.17#1geminetur enim necesse est numerus, qui in atauo fuit — This clause explains that while the number of paths for a great-great-great-grandfather (atauus) was sixteen, it must double to thirty-two for a great-great-great-great-grandfather (tritauus) because ascending another generation introduces an additional male/female split. The subsequent phrase "immutatione... propter atauia facta" refers to the similar paths created by substituting the great-great-great-grandmother (atauia).
  2. §38.10.10.17#1auo auiaeue eius... consobrini consobrinaeue sunt: at patri matrique eiusdem... propius sobrinis — A contrastive syntax using parallel dative phrases to describe relationships to two different generations (one with "auo auiaeue...", the other with "patri matrique..."). The verb phrase "consobrini consobrinaeue sunt" governs the first part, while "sunt" is omitted in the second part, resulting in "propius sobrinis [sunt]" (are closer than a sobrinus). "eiusdem" refers to the person in question.
  3. §38.10.10.17#1geminatur is numerus nepote dumtaxat adnumerato et quadruplatur is qui geminatus erat: duplicatur etiam nepte computata. — A mathematical explanation utilizing ablative absolutes ("nepote ... adnumerato", "nepte computata"). The paternal great-uncle (patruus magnus) has four possible ancestral lines, and the grandson (nepos) has two (bifariam: via a son or a daughter). Counting only the grandson doubles the base number (4) to eight ("geminatur") due to those two options; this is then quadrupled to thirty-two ("quadruplatur") because of the four sons and four daughters of the great-uncle; finally, including the granddaughter doubles the number again to sixty-four ("duplicatur").

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §38.10.10.17#1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:38.10.10.17%231

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.