[GAIUS libro octauo ad edictum prouinciale. ]
[GAIUS, from the eighth book on the Provincial Edict.] Some degrees of relationship by blood are of the ascending line, others of the descending line, others of the collateral line.
§38.10.1.prGradus cognationis alii superioris ordinis sunt, alii inferioris, alii ex transuerso siue a latere. superioris ordinis sunt parentes.
Parents are of the ascending line.
inferioris liberi.
Children of the descending.
ex transuerso siue a latere fratres et sorores liberique eorum.
Brothers and sisters and their children of the collateral.
§38.10.1.1Sed superior quidem et inferior cognatio a primo gradu incipit, ex transuerso siue a latere nullus est primus gradus et ideo incipit a secundo.
But while the ascending and descending relationship begins from the first degree, in the collateral line there is no first degree, and therefore it begins from the second.
itaque in primo gradu cognationis superioris quidem et inferioris ordinis cognati possunt concurrere, ex transuerso uero numquam eo gradu quisquam concurrere potest.
Thus in the first degree of relationship, cognates of the ascending and descending lines can compete, but in the collateral line no one can ever compete in that degree.
at in secundo et tertio et deinceps in ceteris possunt etiam ex transuerso quidam concurrere et cum superioris ordinis cognatis.
But in the second and third, and thereafter in the other degrees, some of the collateral line can also compete, even with cognates of the ascending line.
§38.10.1.2Sed admonendi sumus, si quando de hereditate uel bonorum possessione quaeramus, non semper eos, qui eiusdem gradus sint, concurrere.
But we must be reminded that, if we are inquiring at any time about an inheritance or the possession of goods, those who are of the same degree do not always compete.
§38.10.1.3Primo gradu sunt supra pater mater. infra filius filia.
In the first degree are, ascending: father, mother; descending: son, daughter.
§38.10.1.4Secundo gradu sunt supra auus auia. infra nepos neptis. ex transuerso frater soror.
In the second degree are, ascending: grandfather, grandmother; descending: grandson, granddaughter; collaterally: brother, sister.
§38.10.1.5Tertio gradu sunt supra proauus proauia. infra pronepos proneptis. ex transuerso fratris sororisque filius filia: et conuenienter patruus amita, auunculus matertera.
In the third degree are, ascending: great-grandfather, great-grandmother; descending: great-grandson, great-granddaughter; collaterally: the son and daughter of a brother and sister; and correspondingly paternal uncle, paternal aunt, maternal uncle, maternal aunt.
§38.10.1.6Quarto gradu sunt supra abauus abauia. infra abnepos abneptis. ex transuerso fratris sororisque nepos neptis: et conuenienter patruus magnus amita magna (id est aui frater et soror), anunculus magnus matertera magna (id est auiae frater et soror): item fratres patrueles sorores patrueles (id est qui quaeue ex duobus fratribus progenerantur), item consobrini consobrinaeque (id est qui quaeue ex duabus sororibus nascuntur, quasi consororini), item amitini amitinae (id est qui quaeue ex fratre et sorore propagantur).
In the fourth degree are, ascending: great-great-grandfather, great-great-grandmother; descending: great-great-grandson, great-great-granddaughter; collaterally: the grandson and granddaughter of a brother and sister; and correspondingly paternal great-uncle, paternal great-aunt (that is, the brother and sister of a grandfather), maternal great-uncle, maternal great-aunt (that is, the brother and sister of a grandmother); also, paternal cousins (that is, those who are begotten of two brothers), maternal cousins (that is, those who are born of two sisters, as if born of sisters), also cousins (that is, those who are propagated from a brother and sister).
sed fere uulgus omnes istos communi appellatione consobrinos uocant.
But the common people generally call all these by the common name of cousins.
§38.10.1.7Quinto gradu sunt supra atauus atauia. infra adnepos adneptis. ex transuerso fratris et sororis pronepos proneptis: et conuenienter, propatruus et proamita (id est proaui frater et soror), proauunculus et promatertera (id est proauiae frater et soror): item fratris patruelis sororis patruelis filius filia, et similiter consobrini consobrinae, item amitini amitinae filius filia: propior sobrino propior sobrina (isti sunt patrui magni amitae magnae, auunculi magni materterae magnae filius filia),
In the fifth degree are, ascending: great-great-great-grandfather, great-great-great-grandmother; descending: great-great-great-grandson, great-great-great-granddaughter; collaterally: the great-grandson and great-granddaughter of a brother and sister; and correspondingly, paternal great-great-uncle and paternal great-great-aunt (that is, the brother and sister of a great-grandfather), maternal great-great-uncle and maternal great-great-aunt (that is, the brother and sister of a great-grandmother); also, the son and daughter of a paternal cousin, and similarly the children of maternal cousins, also the son and daughter of cousins; and the one closer than a second cousin (these are the son and daughter of a paternal great-uncle, paternal great-aunt, maternal great-uncle, maternal great-aunt),