[ULPIANUS libro quadragensimo primo ad edictum. ] §37.9.1.14Si ea, quae in possessionem uult ire, uxor negetur uel nurus uel esse uel fuisse uel ex eo praegnas non esse contendatur: decretum interponit praetor ad exemplum Carboniani edicti.
If she who wants to enter into possession is denied to be the wife or daughter-in-law, or to be or to have been such, or if it is contended that she is not pregnant by him: the praetor interposes a decree after the exemplar of the Carbonian edict.
et ita diuus Hadrianus Claudio Proculo praetori rescripsit, ut summatim de re cognosceret et, si manifesta calumnia uidebitur eius, quae uentris nomine in possessione mitti desiderat, nihil noui decerneret: si dubitari de re poterit, operam daret, ne praeiudicium fiat ei, quod in utero est, sed uentrem in possessionem mitti oportet.
And so the deified Hadrian wrote back to the praetor Claudius Proculus, that he should summarily take cognizance of the matter, and if there should appear to be manifest calumny on the part of her who desires to be sent into possession on behalf of the womb, he should decree nothing new; if there could be doubt about the matter, he should take care that no prejudice be done to that which is in the womb, but it is proper that the womb be sent into possession.
apparet itaque, nisi manifesta sit calumniatrix mulier, debere eam decretum eligere: et ubi omnino iuste dubitari poterit, an ex eo praegnas sit, decreto tuenda est, ne praeiudicium partui fiat.
It appears, therefore, that unless the woman is a manifest calumniatrix, she ought to choose the decree; and where there can be entirely just doubt whether she is pregnant by him, she is to be protected by the decree, lest prejudice be done to the offspring.
idemque est et si status mulieri controuersia fiat.
And the same is true also if a controversy should arise regarding the status of the woman.
§37.9.1.15Et generaliter ex quibus causis Carbonianam bonorum possessionem puero praetor dare solitus est, ex hisdem causis uentri quoque subuenire praetorem debere non dubitamus, eo facilius, quod fauorabilior est causa partus quam pueri: partui enim in hoc fauetur, ut in lucem producatur, puero, ut in familiam inducatur: partus enim iste alendus est, qui et si non tantum parenti, cuius esse dicitur, uerum etiam rei publicae nascitur.
And generally, for the same reasons that the praetor was accustomed to grant the Carbonian possession of goods to a boy, for these same reasons we do not doubt that the praetor ought to succor the womb also, and all the more easily because the cause of the offspring is more favorable than that of the boy; for the offspring is favored in this, that he may be brought forth into the light, while the boy is favored that he may be introduced into the family; for that offspring must be nourished, who is born not only for the parent whose child he is said to be, but also for the state.
§37.9.1.16Si quis prima uxore praegnate facta mox aliam duxerit eamque praegnatem fecerit diemque suum obierit, edictum ambobus sufficiet, uidelicet cum nemo contendit nec calumniatricem dicit.
If anyone, having made his first wife pregnant, soon marries another and makes her pregnant, and then dies, the edict will suffice for both, namely, when no one contends or claims that either is a calumniatrix.
§37.9.1.17Quotiens autem uenter in possessionem mittitur, solet mulier curatorem uentri petere, solet et bonis.
However, whenever the womb is sent into possession, the woman is accustomed to ask for a curator for the womb, and also for the goods.
sed si quidem tantum uentri curator datus sit, creditoribus permittendum in custodia bonorum esse: si uero non tantum uentri, sed etiam bonis curator datus est, possunt esse securi creditores, cum periculum ad curatorem pertineat.
But if indeed a curator is given only to the womb, the creditors must be permitted to be in custody of the goods; but if a curator is given not only to the womb but also to the goods, the creditors can be secure, since the risk belongs to the curator.
idcirco curatorem bonis ex inquisitione dandum, idoneum scilicet, oportet creditores curare uel si quis alius est, qui non edito partu successionem speret.
Therefore, the creditors or whoever else hopes for the succession if the offspring is not born must take care that a curator for the goods is given upon inquiry, a suitable one, of course.
§37.9.1.18Hoc autem iure utimur, ut idem curator et bonis et uentri detur: sed si creditores instant uel qui sperat se successurum, diligentius atque circumspectius id fieri debebit et plures, si desiderentur, dandi sunt.
But we use this rule of law, that the same curator is given to both the goods and the womb; but if the creditors or he who hopes to succeed insist, this will have to be done more carefully and circumspectly, and several, if they are desired, must be given.
§37.9.1.19Mulier autem in possessionem missa ea sola, sine quibus fetus sustineri et ad partum usque produci non possit, sumere ex bonis debet: et in hanc rem curator constituendus est, qui cibum potum uestitum tectum mulieri praestet pro facultatibus defuncti et pro dignitate eius atque mulieris.
Moreover, the woman sent into possession must take from the goods only those things without which the fetus cannot be sustained and brought through to birth; and for this purpose a curator must be appointed to provide food, drink, clothing, and shelter to the woman in accordance with the resources of the deceased and the dignity of both him and the woman.
§37.9.1.20Deminutio autem ad hos sumptus fieri debet primum ex pecunia numerata: si ea non fuerit, ex his rebus, quae patrimonia onerare magis impendio quam augere fructibus consueuerunt.
But the diminution for these expenses must be made first from ready money; if there is none, then from those things which are accustomed to burden estates with expense rather than to increase them with fruits.
§37.9.1.21Item si periculum est, ne interim res usu capiantur, ne debitores tempore liberentur, idem curare debet.
Likewise, if there is a risk lest in the meantime things be acquired by usucapion, or lest debtors be released by the lapse of time, the same curator must take care of this.
§37.9.1.22Ita igitur curam hoc quoque officio administrabit, quo solent curatores atque tutores pupillorum.
Thus, therefore, he will administer the care in this duty also, in which the curators and tutors of wards are accustomed to do.
§37.9.1.23Eligitur autem curator aut ex his, qui tutores dati sunt postumo, aut ex necessariis adfinibusque aut ex substitutis aut ex amicis defuncti aut ex creditoribus, sed utique is, qui idoneus uidebitur: aut si de personis eorum quaestio moueatur, uir bonus eligitur.
Moreover, the curator is chosen either from those who have been given as tutors to the posthumous child, or from the close relatives and in-laws, or from the substituted heirs, or from the friends of the deceased, or from the creditors, but in any case one who seems suitable; or if a question is raised concerning their persons, an upright man is chosen.
§37.9.1.24Quod si nondum sit curator constitutus (quia plerumque aut non petitur aut tardius petitur aut serius datur), Seruius aiebat res hereditarias heredem institutum uel substitutum obsignare non debere, sed tantum pernumerare et mulieri adsignare.
But if a curator is not yet appointed (since for the most part he is either not asked for, or asked for too slowly, or given too late), Servius said that the instituted or substituted heir ought not to seal the hereditary property, but only to count it out and assign it to the woman.
§37.9.1.25Idem ait ad custodienda ea, quae sine custodia salua esse non possunt, custodem ab herede ponendum (ut puta pecoris, et si nondum messis uindemiaue facta sit): et si fuerit controuersia, quantum deminui oporteat, arbitrum dandum.
He also says that for guarding those things which cannot be safe without guard, a guardian must be placed by the heir (as, for example, of cattle, or if the harvest or vintage is not yet made); and if there is a controversy as to how much ought to be diminished, an arbiter must be given.
§37.9.1.26Curatore autem constituto haec omnia cessare puto: conscribere tamen curatori debent et uendenti et inuentarium rerum facienti.
But once a curator is appointed, I think all these things cease; nevertheless, they ought to co-sign for the curator both when he sells and when he makes an inventory of the things.
§37.9.1.27Tamdiu autem uenter in possessionem esse debet, quamdiu aut pariat aut abortum faciat aut certum sit eam non esse praegnatem.
Moreover, the womb ought to remain in possession as long as she either gives birth, or has a miscarriage, or it is certain that she is not pregnant.
§37.9.1.28Et si sciens prudensque se praegnatem non esse consumpserit, de suo eam id consumpsisse Labeo ait.
And if, knowing and being aware that she was not pregnant, she consumed the property, Labeo says she consumed it from her own resources.