[ULPIANUS libro quadragesimo ad edictum. ] §37.5.10.prSed et si pro dote ex parte aliqua eandem heredem scripserit, tuendam esse puto.
[ULPIANUS libro quadragesimo ad edictum.] But also, if he has appointed her heir for some share in place of a dowry, I think she should be protected.
§37.5.10.1Esse autem uxorem mortis tempore exigemus.
However, we require that she be the wife at the time of death.
si nurui dotem praelegauerit eaque mortis tempore nupta sit, nullum legatum est, quia dos nondum debeatur: sed cum et constante matrimonio aduersus heredes soceri dabitur actio, dicendum est etiam praelegatae dotis petitionem dari debere.
If a father-in-law has pre-legated a dowry to his daughter-in-law, and she is married at the time of his death, the legacy is void, because the dowry is not yet due. But since an action will be granted against the heirs of the father-in-law even while the marriage continues, it must be said that the petition for the pre-legated dowry ought also to be granted.
§37.5.10.2Non omnia, quae ab omnibus gradibus relicta sunt, legata praestare eum oportet qui contra tabulas petit, sed ea sola, quae in eo gradu data sunt, contra quem bonorum possessionem accepit.
It is not necessary for him who petitions contrary to the will to perform all the legacies that have been left by all grades of heirs, but only those which were given in that grade against which he received the possession of goods.
sed nonnumquam contra alium quidem gradum petita est bonorum possessio, ex alio uero legata praestanda sunt: ut ecce duos gradus heredum fecit, emancipatum praeteriit, ab utroque tamen gradu liberis et parentibus legata adscripsit.
But sometimes possession of goods is petitioned against one grade, but the legacies must be performed from another. For instance, suppose he made two grades of heirs, passed over an emancipated son, but nevertheless charged legacies to children and parents from both grades.
ait Iulianus: si quidem aliquis ex primo gradu uiuit, ea legata praestabit, quae liberis et parentibus a primo gradu data sunt: sin uero nemo uiuit eorum, ea quae a sequenti: quod si neque ex primo gradu neque ex secundo quisquam in rebus fuerit humanis, cum testator moritur, tunc ab intestato magis bonorum possessionem praeterito filio competere nec legata cuiquam praestanda: quod si post mortem testatoris ante aditam hereditatem instituti decesserint, contra ipsos quidem uideri petitam, uerumtamen ab eis relicta legata non esse praestanda, sed quae a substitutis relicta sunt.
Julian says: if indeed anyone from the first grade is alive, he shall perform those legacies which were given to children and parents from the first grade; but if none of them is alive, those from the next. But if, when the testator dies, no one from either the first or the second grade is alive, then possession of goods on intestacy rather belongs to the passed-over son, and no legacies are to be performed to anyone. But if, after the death of the testator but before the inheritance is entered, the appointed heirs have died, the possession of goods is indeed deemed to have been petitioned against them, but nevertheless the legacies left by them are not to be performed, but those left by the substitutes.