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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §37.14.1.pr

Complaints and Penalties for Ungrateful Freedmen

Passage 5851 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Governors of provinces must seriously investigate patrons' complaints against ungrateful freedmen and impose punishments corresponding to the gravity of the offense, ranging from a reprimand to temporary exile or condemnation to the mines.

[ULPIANUS libro nono de officio proconsulis. ] §37.14.1.prPatronorum querellas aduersus libertos praesides audire et non translaticie exsequi debent, cum, si ingratus libertus sit, non impune ferre eum oporteat.
[ULPIANUS, in the ninth book on the Office of the Proconsul.] Governors of provinces ought to hear the complaints of patrons against their freedmen and execute them in no perfunctory manner, since, if a freedman is ungrateful, he should not escape unpunished.
sed si quidem inofficiosus patrono patronae liberisue eorum sit, tantummodo castigari cum sub comminatione aliqua seueritatis non defuturae, si rursum causam querellae praebuerit, et dimitti oportet.
But if indeed he is only disrespectful to his patron, patroness, or their children, he ought merely to be chastised under some threat of severity that will not be lacking if he should again provide cause for complaint, and then be dismissed.
enimuero si contumeliam fecit aut conuicium eis dixit, etiam in exilium temporale dari debebit: quod si manus intulit, in metallum dandus erit: idem et si calumniam aliquam eis instruxit uel delatorem subornauit uel quam causam aduersus eos temptauit.
On the other hand, if he has committed an insult or spoken abusively to them, he must even be sentenced to temporary exile; but if he has laid hands upon them, he must be condemned to the mines; the same shall apply if he has engineered some false accusation against them, or suborned an informer, or attempted any lawsuit against them.

Notes

  1. §37.14.1.prnon impune ferre eum oporteat — The impersonal verb oporteat (subjunctive present in the cum clause) governs an accusative with infinitive (A.C.I.) construction. eum (referring to the freedman) is the subject accusative of the infinitive ferre. impune ferre is an idiomatic expression meaning 'to go unpunished'.
  2. §37.14.1.prseueritatis non defuturae — seueritatis is a feminine singular genitive modifying comminatione (ablative). non defuturae is the future active participle (feminine singular genitive) of deesse ('to be lacking'), used here attributively to mean 'which will not be lacking' or 'that is sure to follow'.
  3. §37.14.1.prquam causam — quam is not a relative pronoun but an indefinite pronoun (feminine singular accusative) acting as aliquam ('any') after the disjunctive connector uel, modifying causam.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §37.14.1.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:37.14.1.pr

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