[ULPIANUS libro quinquagensimo secundo ad edictum. ] §36.4.5.19Sex autem mensum puto continuum tempus, non possessionum conputandum.
However, I think the six months must be computed as a continuous period of time, not by the days of possession.
§36.4.5.20Cessatum non accipimus, si pupillus tutorem non habeat nec curatorem furiosus uel adulescens: nam frustratio non debet huiusmodi personis nocere, quae sunt indefensae.
We do not accept that there has been a failure to perform, if a ward has no tutor, or a madman or minor has no curator; for delay ought not to harm persons of this kind, who are undefended.
certe si hereditas iacuerit aliquo tempore, hoc tempus de medio detrahendum est.
Certainly, if the inheritance lay vacant for some time, this time must be deducted.
§36.4.5.21Quaeri poterit, an in uicem usurarum hi fructus cedant, quae in fideicommissis debentur.
It can be asked whether these fruits go to the account of interest, which is owed in trusts.
et cum exemplum pignorum sequimur, id quod ex fructibus percipitur primum in usuras, mox, si quid superfluum est, in sortem debet imputari: quin immo et si amplius quam sibi debetur perceperit legatarius, exemplo pigneraticiae actionis etiam utilis actio ad id refundendum dari debebit.
And since we follow the example of pledges, that which is received from the fruits must first be credited to interest, and then, if there is any surplus, to the principal; nay indeed, even if the legatee receives more than is owed to him, on the analogy of the action on pledge, an equitable action to refund that surplus must also be given.
sed pignora quidem quis et distrahere potest, hic autem frui tantum ei constitutio permisit, ut festinetur ad sententiam.
But while someone can even sell pledges, here the constitution has permitted him only to enjoy the fruits, so that there may be a haste toward the judgment.
§36.4.5.22Qui legatorum seruandorum causa in possessionem mittitur, et fructus custodire et cetera debebit.
He who is sent into possession for the sake of preserving legacies will have to guard both the fruits and other things.
et pati quidem heredem colere agros et fructus redigere, sed custodire legatarium fructus oportebit, ne ab herede consumantur: quod si heres fructus nolit cogere, permittendum erit legatario cogere fructus et coactos seruare.
And indeed he must permit the heir to cultivate the fields and gather the fruits, but the legatee must guard the fruits, lest they be consumed by the heir; but if the heir does not wish to gather the fruits, the legatee must be permitted to gather the fruits and keep them once gathered.
quin immo si tales sint fructus, quos primo quoque tempore uenire expediat, uendere quoque legatario permittendum est et pretium seruare.
Nay indeed, if the fruits are of such a nature that it is expedient for them to be sold at the earliest opportunity, the legatee must also be permitted to sell them and keep the price.
in ceteris quoque rebus hereditariis missi in possessionem hoc erit officium, ut uniuersas res hereditarias colligat et ibi custodiat, ubi domicilium defunctus habuit, et, si nulla domus sit, habitationem conducat uel horreum quoddam, in quo res collectae custodiantur.
In other hereditary things also, this will be the duty of the one sent into possession, to collect all hereditary things and guard them where the deceased had his domicile, and, if there is no house, to rent a dwelling or some warehouse in which the collected things may be guarded.
et puto ita legatarium custodire res hereditarias debere, ut neque heredi auferantur neque de|pereant deterioresue fiant.
And I think the legatee ought to guard the hereditary things in such a way that they are neither taken away from the heir, nor perish, nor deteriorate.
§36.4.5.23Quod si ex constitutione quis in possessionem mittatur, curandum est, ne uis fiat utenti et fruenti legatario.
But if someone is sent into possession under the constitution, care must be taken that no violence be done to the legatee who is using and enjoying the property.
§36.4.5.24Satisfieri uoluntati defuncti sic accipitur, quoad uoluntati defuncti uel ex fructibus uel aliunde satisfiat.
The phrase 'satisfaction to be given to the will of the deceased' is understood in this way, until the will of the deceased is satisfied either from the fruits or from elsewhere.
§36.4.5.25Constitutio autem diui Antonini pertinet ad eos, a quibus utiliter fideicommissum relictum est, quamuis heredes non sint: par enim utilitas est.
But the constitution of the divine Antoninus pertains to those by whom a trust is validly left, even if they are not heirs; for the utility is equal.
§36.4.5.26In possessionem missus legatorum seruandorum causa si litem eo nomine contestatus sit, non ante decedere possessione debet, quam ei pro lite fuerit cautum.
If one who has been sent into possession for the sake of preserving legacies has joined issue on that account, he ought not to depart from possession before security has been provided to him for the lawsuit.
§36.4.5.27Missus in possessionem si non admittatur, habet interdictum propositum: aut per uiatorem aut per officialem praefecti aut per magistratus introducendus est in possessionem.
If he who has been sent into possession is not admitted, he has an interdict provided; he must be introduced into possession either by a summoner, or by an officer of the prefect, or by the magistrates.
§36.4.5.28Missio autem locum habebit non tantum, si quis id ipsum, quod legatum est, rogatus sit, uerum etiam si quid uel ex eo uel pro eo restituere fuerit rogatus.
Moreover, sending into possession will have place not only if someone was requested to restore that very thing which was bequeathed, but also if he was requested to restore something either out of it or in place of it.
§36.4.5.29Si Titio pure legatum fuerit et eius fidei commissum sub condicione, ut Sempronio restitueret, non inique praetorem statuturum Iulianus scripsit, si, antequam legatum consequatur legatarius, fideicommissi condicionalis satis non det, ut magis Sempronio det legati persecutionem, ut is legatario satisdet deficiente condicione reddi decem.
If a legacy was bequeathed to Titius unconditionally, and a trust was charged on his good faith under a condition, that he should restore it to Sempronius, Julian wrote that the praetor will decree not unfairly, if, before the legatee obtains the legacy, he does not give security for the conditional trust, that he should rather give the pursuit of the legacy to Sempronius, so that he may give security to the legatee that ten will be returned if the condition fails.
sed et si acceperit Titius ab herede decem, aequum esse Iulianus ait cogi eum inuicem satisdare aut ipsa decem tradere et Sempronium Titio cauere: et hoc iure utimur, id enim et Marcellus ait.
But even if Titius has already received the ten from the heir, Julian says it is fair that he be compelled in turn to give security, or to hand over the ten themselves, and Sempronius to provide security to Titius; and this is the law we use, for Marcellus also says this.
§36.4.5.30Quid ergo, si et legatum sub condicione sit relictum et fideicommissum, neque fideicommissi satisdetur? aequissimum erit fideicommissarium nomine legati satis accipere ab herede, si ei legatarius non caueat, scilicet ut et ipse legatario caueat.
What then, if both the legacy and the trust are left under a condition, and security is not given for the trust? It will be most equitable that the beneficiary of the trust receive security from the heir in the name of the legacy, if the legatee does not provide security to him, provided, of course, that he himself also provides security to the legatee.
quod si iam accepit legatarius ab herede satis, decernendum erit ex ea satisdatione magis fideicommissario quam legatario dandam actionem, in eum scilicet casum, quod fideicommissi eius condicio extitit: ipsius etiam legati persecutio danda erit fideicommissario, si nondum solutum est et condicio eius extitit, scilicet si fuerit fideicommissarius paratus cauere legatario.
But if the legatee has already received security from the heir, it must be decreed that an action on that security should be given to the beneficiary of the trust rather than to the legatee, namely, for the case where the condition of his trust has been fulfilled; the pursuit of the legacy itself must also be given to the beneficiary of the trust, if it has not yet been paid and its condition has been fulfilled, provided, of course, the beneficiary of the trust is prepared to give security to the legatee.