[ULPIANUS libro septuagensimo nono ad edictum. ] §36.3.1.14Si quis sub condicione legatum stipulatus pendente condicione decesserit, stipulatio euanescit, quia nec legatum transmittitur.
If anyone has stipulated for a legacy under a condition and dies while the condition is pending, the stipulation vanishes, because the legacy also is not transmitted.
huic stipulationi easdem causas et condiciones inesse sciendum est: proinde si qua sit exceptio, quae petenti legatum opponi solet, eandem ex stipulatu quoque agenti opponendam esse placet.
It must be known that the same causes and conditions are inherent in this stipulation; therefore, if there is any exception which is customarily opposed to one seeking the legacy, it is held that the same must be opposed to one suing on the stipulation.
§36.3.1.15Procuratori eius, qui absens esse dicitur, si stipulanti legati nomine spondeat heres, Ofilius ait ita cauere debere, si is, cuius nomine caueat, uiuat, uidelicet ne teneatur illo ante defuncto.
With regard to the procurator of one who is said to be absent, if the heir promises to him under the name of a legacy when he stipulates, Ofilius says that the heir ought to give security in this way, provided that the person in whose name he gives security is alive, namely, so that he may not be liable if that person died before.
§36.3.1.16Item quaeritur, in hanc stipulationem utrum ipsae res ueniant quae legatae sunt an uero pretia earum.
It is likewise asked whether the things themselves which were bequeathed, or rather their prices, enter into this stipulation.
et est uerius in hanc stipulationem res uel pretia deduci.
And it is more correct that either the things or their prices are brought into this stipulation.
§36.3.1.17Si decem quae in arca erant mihi legata sint, tibi eorum usus fructus legatus sit, si pure utrique legatum sit relictum, is cui proprietas legata est ipso iure decem uindicabit, fructuarium autem senatus consulto acturum et quinque usum fructum petiturum constat.
If ten which were in a chest were bequeathed to me, and the usufruct of them was bequeathed to you, and if the legacy was left unconditionally to both, it is established that the one to whom the ownership was bequeathed will by operation of law claim the ten, while the usufructuary will sue under the senatus consultum and claim the usufruct of five.
sed cum decem uindicat proprietarius, per exceptionem doli repelli, qua fructuarius de restituendis quinque heredi cauit.
But when the owner claims the ten, he is repelled by the exception of fraud, by which the usufructuary gave security to the heir for the restoration of five.
plane si decem aureorum possessionem legatarius habeat, Marcellus ait dandam uel heredi uel fructuario utilem actionem in legatarium, si modo ci caueatur.
Clearly, if the legatee has possession of the ten aurei, Marcellus says that an equitable action must be given either to the heir or to the usufructuary against the legatee, provided that security is given to him.
sed si sub condicione ei decem legata sint, fructuarium interim decem oblata cautione habiturum, legatario uero, cui proprietas relicta est, interim legatorum stipulatio praestanda est.
But if the ten were bequeathed to him under a condition, the usufructuary will in the meantime hold the ten upon offering security, while the legatee to whom the ownership was left must in the meantime be provided with the stipulation of legacies.
sed si omiserit stipulationem, existente condicione ad exhibendum eum posse agere Marcellus ait.
But if he has omitted the stipulation, Marcellus says that upon the fulfillment of the condition he can sue for production.
sed si ignorans heres legatum decem fructuario dedit, ad exhibendum eum non teneri palam est: succurrendum tamen legatario aduersus fructuarium Marcellus ait.
But if the heir, being ignorant, gave the legacy of ten to the usufructuary, it is clear that he is not liable for production; nevertheless, Marcellus says that the legatee must be succored against the usufructuary.
§36.3.1.18Si ad fiscum portio hereditatis peruenerit, cessabit ista stipulatio, quia nec solet fiscus satisdare.
If a portion of the inheritance comes to the treasury, this stipulation will cease, because the treasury is not accustomed to give security.
§36.3.1.19Qui minorem partem hereditatis possidet, cum ex maiore parte heres sit, si quidem ipso iure minuatur portio hereditatis, securior erit heres: neque enim ex maiore parte ex stipulatu tenetur legatariis, quam ex qua heres est: si uero nomen quidem heredis apud eos integrum maneat, uerumtamen effectu minus habeant hereditatis et cauerint legatorum nomine, uidentur onerari, quia ipso iure pro ea parte legata debent, pro qua heredes sint.
He who possesses a smaller part of the inheritance, although he is an heir for a larger part, will be safer if indeed the portion of the inheritance is diminished by operation of law; for he is not bound to the legatees under the stipulation for a larger part than that for which he is heir. But if, indeed, the name of heir remains unimpaired toward them, yet in effect they have less of the inheritance and have given security under the name of legacies, they seem to be burdened, because by operation of law they owe the legacies for that part for which they are heirs.
sed enim aequissimum est non maiorem partem legatariis soluere, quam cuius habent emolumentum.
But indeed, it is most equitable not to pay to the legatees a larger part than that of which they have the benefit.
hoc autem euenit, cum hereditas pro aliqua parte ex Trebelliano restituitur: nam pro rata exonerandi sunt heredes eius partis nomine, cuius emolumentum sibi ablatum est.
Now this happens when the inheritance is restored for some part under the Trebellian senatus consultum; for the heirs must be exonerated pro rata under the name of that part, the benefit of which has been taken away from them.
§36.3.1.20Si ei, qui in alterius potestate erit, incerta die legatum fuerit, cauebitur ei, qui habet eum in potestate, non praecise, sed sub condicione 'si, cum eius legati dies cedit, in potestate sit'. ceterum si sui iuris inueniatur, iniquum esse uisum est patri cautum esse, cum alii legatum debeatur, quamquam etsi sine hac adiectione caueretur, uerum tamen exceptione patrem uel dominum submoueremus, si existentis condicionis tempore non haberent eos in potestate.
If a legacy is left on an uncertain day to someone who is in the power of another, security shall be given to the one who has him in his power, not absolutely, but under the condition "if, when the day for the legacy comes, he is in his power." But if he should be found to be sui iuris, it has seemed inequitable for security to have been given to the father when the legacy is owed to another; although, even if security were given without this addition, we would nevertheless bar the father or master by an exception if, at the time the condition was fulfilled, they did not have them in their power.
euenit tamen secundum hoc, ut in casum non sit de legato cautum: nam si existentis condicionis tempore sui iuris sunt, non erit cautum.
It happens, however, according to this, that in a certain event no security has been given for the legacy; for if, at the time the condition is fulfilled, they are sui iuris, there will have been no security.