[POMPONIUS libro quinto ad Quintum Mucium. ] §36.2.22.prSi Titio, 'cum is annorum quattuordecim esset factus', legatum fuerit et is ante quartum decimum annum decesserit, uerum est ad heredem eius legatum non transire, quoniam non solum diem, sed et condi-cionem hoc legatum in se continet 'si effectus esset annorum quattuordecim', qui autem in rerum natura non esset, annorum quattuordecim esse non intellegeretur.
[POMPONIUS, fifth book on Quintus Mucius.] If a legacy is made to Titius "when he should have reached the age of fourteen," and he dies before his fourteenth year, it is correct that the legacy does not pass to his heir, because this legacy contains within itself not only a term but also a condition, namely "if he should have reached the age of fourteen"; moreover, one who is no longer in the nature of things cannot be understood to be fourteen years of age.
nec interest, utrum scribatur 'si annorum quattuordecim factus erit' an ita, cum priore scriptura per condicio-nem tempus demonstratur, sequenti per tempus condicio, utrubique tamen eadem condicio est.
Nor does it matter whether it is written "if he shall have reached the age of fourteen" or in the other way, since by the former writing the time is indicated through a condition, and by the latter the condition is indicated through the time; yet in both cases, it is the same condition.
§36.2.22.1Quaedam autem condiciones etiam superuacuae sunt, ueluti si ita scribat: 'Titius heres esto.
However, certain conditions are also superfluous, for instance, if one writes as follows: "Let Titius be my heir.
si Titius hereditatem meam adierit, Maeuio decem dato': nam pro non scripto ea condicio erit, ut omnimodo ad heredem Maeuii legatum transeat, etiamsi Maeuius ante aditam hereditatem decesserit.
If Titius enters upon my inheritance, let him give ten to Maevius." For that condition will be treated as unwritten, so that the legacy passes to the heir of Maevius in any event, even if Maevius dies before the inheritance is entered upon.
et idem, si ita fuerit scriptum: 'si Titius hereditatem meam adierit, intra dies centum Maeuio decem dato': nam hoc legatum in diem erit, non sub condicione, quia definitio Labeonis probanda est dicentis id demum legatum ad heredem legatarii transire, quod certum sit debitum iri, si adeatur hereditas.
And the same applies if it is written as follows: "If Titius enters upon my inheritance, let him give ten to Maevius within one hundred days." For this legacy will be subject to a term, not under a condition, because the definition of Labeo is to be approved, who says that only that legacy passes to the heir of the legatee which is certain to be owed if the inheritance is entered upon.
§36.2.22.2Si tamen duos heredes instituam et, si alter ex his adeat hereditatem, alicui legem ab omnibus heredibus: non erit pro superuacuo ea condicio, sed in portionem quidem coheredis ualebit, in ipsius autem, cuius persona in condicione comprehensa est, superuacua erit, perinde atque solo eo herede instituto eo modo legatum esset.
If, however, I should institute two heirs and, "if one of them enters upon the inheritance," impose a provision on someone from all the heirs, that condition will not be treated as superfluous; rather, it will indeed be valid in respect of the share of the co-heir, but in respect of the share of the very person whose persona is included in the condition, it will be superfluous, just as if that person had been instituted as the sole heir and the legacy had been left in that manner.