Humanitext Reader

Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §36.1.4.pr

Compelling Entry and Restitution when the Heir Fears Loss

Passage 5555 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This section discusses how, when an appointed heir refuses to enter upon an inheritance out of fear of loss, the praetor can compel them to enter and restore it if the beneficiary takes the risk, and notes that the subjective reasons for the heir's refusal are diverse and need not be scrutinized.

[IDEM libro quarto fideicommissorum. ] §36.1.4.prQuia poterat fieri, ut heres institutus nolit adire hereditatem ueritus, ne damno adficeretur, prospectum est, ut, si fideicommissarius diceret suo periculo adire et restitui sibi uelle, cogatur heres institutus a praetore adire et restituere hereditatem.
[THE SAME AUTHOR from the fourth book on Trusts.] Since it could happen that the appointed heir refused to enter upon the inheritance, fearing lest he should suffer a loss, provision was made that, if the beneficiary of the trust should say that he wished the heir to enter upon it at his (the beneficiary's) own risk and restore it to him, the appointed heir should be compelled by the praetor to enter upon and restore the inheritance.
quod si fuerit factum, transeunt actiones ex Trebelliano nec quartae commodo heres in restitutione utetur: nam cum alieno periculo adierit hereditatem, merito omni commodo arcebitur.
If this should be done, the actions transfer under the Trebellian decree, and the heir shall not enjoy the benefit of the quarter in the restoration; for since he entered upon the inheritance at another's risk, he is deservedly excluded from every benefit.
nec interest, soluendo sit hereditas nec ne: sufficit enim recusari ab herede instituto.
Nor does it matter whether the inheritance is solvent or not; for it is enough that it is refused by the appointed heir.
neque illud inquiritur, soluendo sit hereditas an non sit.
Nor is that inquired into, whether the inheritance is solvent or not.
opinio enim, uel metus uel color, eius, qui noluit adire hereditatem, inspicitur, non substantia hereditatis, nec immerito: non enim praescribi heredi instituto debet, cur metuat hereditatem adire uel cur nolit, cum uariae sint hominum uoluntates: quorundam negotia timentium, quorundam uexationem, quorundam aeris alieni cumulum, tametsi locuples uideatur hereditas, quorundam offensas uel inuidiam: quorundam gratificari uolentium his, quibus hereditas relicta est, sine onere tamen suo.
For the opinion, or fear, or pretext of him who refused to enter upon the inheritance is inspected, not the substance of the inheritance, and not without reason; for it ought not to be prescribed to the appointed heir why he fears to enter upon the inheritance or why he refuses, since the wills of men are diverse: some fearing business cares, some harassment, some the accumulation of debt even though the inheritance seems rich, some offenses or envy, and some wishing to gratify those to whom the inheritance was left, yet without their own burden.

Notes

  1. §36.1.4.prsuo periculo adire — The subject of the infinitive `adire` is not `fideicommissarius`, but the `heres` (appointed heir), as clear from the context. The reflexive possessive `suo` in `suo periculo` (at his own risk) refers to `fideicommissarius`. The phrase means that the beneficiary of the trust wishes the heir to enter upon the inheritance at the beneficiary's own risk.
  2. §36.1.4.prsoluendo — The dative of the gerund of the verb `soluere` (to pay). Used with `esse` (`soluendo esse`), it forms a idiomatic legal Latin expression meaning "to be solvent" or "to have the capacity to pay".
  3. §36.1.4.prquorundam negotia timentium — The genitive `quorundam` and the genitive of the present participle `timentium` depend on the preceding `hominum` (in `cum uariae sint hominum uoluntates`). Syntactically it means "[the wills] of some who fear business cares [are various]", which is translated as "some fearing business cares..." functioning as logical subjects.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §36.1.4.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:36.1.4.pr

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.