[ULPIANUS libro octauo disputationum. ] §35.2.82.prQuaerebatur, cum is qui solum in nomine quadringenta in bonis habebat ipsi debitori liberationem, Seio autem quadringenta legauerit, si debitor uel soluendo non sit uel centum facere possit, quantum quisque habeat interuentu legis Falcidiae.
[ULPIANUS, From the eighth book of disputations.] It was asked, when a person who had only four hundred in his estate in the form of a claim bequeathed a release to the debtor himself and four hundred to Seius, if the debtor either is not solvent or can produce only one hundred, how much each should have through the intervention of the Falcidian law.
dicebam legem Falcidiam ex eo quod refici ex hereditate potest quartam heredi tribuere, residuum dodrantem inter legatarios distribuere.
I used to say that the Falcidian law awards a fourth to the heir from what can be recovered from the inheritance, and distributes the remaining three-fourths among the legatees.
quare cum nomen minus soluendo est in hereditate, eius quod exigi potest pro rata fit distributio, residui uenditio facienda est, ut id demum in hereditate computetur, quanti nomen distrahi potest.
Therefore, when a claim in the inheritance is insolvent, a distribution is made pro rata of what can be exacted, and a sale must be made of the residue, so that only that amount is computed in the inheritance for which the claim can be sold.
sed cum debitori liberatio relinquitur, ipse sibi soluendo uidetur et quod ad se attinet, diues est: quippe si ei mortis causa accepto feratur id quod debet, quadringenta cepisse uidebitur, licet nihil facere possit: sensisse enim liberationem plenam uidetur, quamuis nihil facere possit.
But when a release is left to a debtor, he is deemed solvent to himself and, as far as concerns him, he is rich: for indeed, if what he owes is formally released to him mortis causa, he will be deemed to have received four hundred, even though he can produce nothing: for he is deemed to have experienced a full release, although he can produce nothing.
si soli ei liberatio relicta est, et ideo Falcidia interueniente trecenta accepto illi ferri debent, residua centum durabunt in obligationem et si quidem facere posse coeperit, exigentur ab eo dumtaxat usque ad centum.
If the release was left to him alone, and therefore with the intervention of the Falcidian law three hundred ought to be formally released to him, the remaining one hundred will continue as an obligation, and if indeed he begins to be able to pay, they will be exacted from him only up to one hundred.
idemque erit dicendum, et si mortis causa accepto ei quadringenta ferantur.
And the same must be said even if four hundred are formally released to him mortis causa.
unde eleganter dicitur acceptilationem in pendenti fore, ut, si quidem mortis tempore quadringenta tota inueniantur, in trecenta ualeat acceptilatio: si uero praeterea aliquid inueniatur, quod quadrantem suppleat heredi, in quadringenta acceptilatio proficiet.
Whence it is elegantly said that the formal release will be in suspense, so that, if indeed at the time of death the whole four hundred are found, the formal release is valid for three hundred; but if, moreover, something else is found which supplies the fourth to the heir, the formal release will be effective for four hundred.
quod si debitor iste quadringentorum dumtaxat centum facere potest, quia sibi soluendo est, necesse habebit centum refundere.
But if this debtor of four hundred can produce only one hundred, because he is solvent to himself, he will be obliged to refund one hundred.
cum igitur debitor sibi soluendo sit, eueniet, ut, si herede aliquo instituto ipsi debitori liberatio et alii quadringenta legata sint, si quidem soluendo sit debitor, centum quinquaginta ex trecentis retineat, alia centum quinquaginta legatario praestentur, heres centum habeat: sin uero centum tantum facere possit, heredi ex refecto quarta seruanda est: sic fiet, ut centum, quae praestari possunt, in quattuor partes diuidantur, tres partes ferant legatarii, heres uiginti quinque habeat, debitor, qui soluendo non est, secum centum quinquaginta compenset.
Therefore, since the debtor is solvent to himself, it will happen that, if some heir is appointed and a release is bequeathed to the debtor himself and four hundred to another, if indeed the debtor is solvent, he retains one hundred and fifty out of the three hundred, another one hundred and fifty are provided to the legatee, and the heir has one hundred: but if he can produce only one hundred, a fourth must be preserved for the heir from what is recovered: thus it will happen that the one hundred which can be provided are divided into four parts, the legatees take three parts, the heir has twenty-five, and the debtor, who is not solvent, offsets one hundred and fifty with himself.
de residuis centum quinquaginta, quae exigi non possunt, uenditio fiet nominis idque, quasi solum in bonis fuerit, repraesentatur.
Concerning the remaining one hundred and fifty which cannot be exacted, a sale of the claim will be made, and this is realized as if it had been the only thing in the property.
quod si nihil facere debitor potest, aeque in centum quinquaginta accepto liberandus est: de residuo uenditionem nominis faciendam Neratius ait, quod et nos probamus.
But if the debtor can produce nothing, he must equally be released up to one hundred and fifty by formal acceptance: Neratius says that a sale of the claim must be made for the residue, which we also approve.