[IDEM libro septimo decimo quaestionum. ] §35.2.22.prNesennius Apollinaris Iulio Paulo.
[THE SAME, from his seventeenth book of Questions.] Nesennius Apollinaris to Julius Paulus.
Ex facto, domine, species eiusmodi incidit.
From an actual case, my lord, an instance of this kind has arisen.
Titia filias suas tres numero aequis ex partibus scribsit heredes et a singulis legata inuicem dedit, ab una tamen ita legauit tam coheredibus eius quam extraneis, ut Falcidiae sit locus.
Titia appointed her three daughters as heirs in equal shares and gave mutual legacies from each of them, but from one of them she bequeathed legacies both to her co-heirs and to outsiders in such a way that there is room for the Falcidian law.
quaero, an aduersus coheredes suas, a quibus legata et ipsa accepit, uti possit Falcidia et, si non possit uel doli exceptione summouenda est, quemadmodum aduersus extraneos computatio Falcidiae iniri possit.
I ask whether she can use the Falcidian law against her co-heirs, from whom she herself also received legacies, and if she cannot or is to be barred by the exception of doli, how the computation of the Falcidian law can be entered into against outsiders.
respondi: id quidem, quod a coherede legatorum nomine percipitur, non solet legatariis proficere, quo minus Falcidiam patiantur: sed cum is qui legatum praestaturus est ab eodem aliquid ex testamento petit, non est audiendus desiderans uti aduersus eum Falcidiae beneficio, si id quod percepturus est ex uoluntate testatoris suppleat, quod deducere desiderat.
I replied: that which is received from a co-heir under the name of legacies does not usually benefit the legatees so as to prevent them from suffering the Falcidian deduction; but when the person who is to provide the legacy claims something under the will from the same person, he is not to be heard if he desires to use the benefit of the Falcidian law against him, if what he is to receive according to the will of the testator supplies that which he desires to deduct.
plane ceteris legatariis non uniuersum, quod coheredi praestat, imputabit, sed quantum daturus esset, si nihil ab eo perciperet.
Clearly, with respect to the other legatees, he will not compute the whole of what he provides to the co-heir, but as much as he would have given if he received nothing from him.
§35.2.22.1Seruo herede instituto si a domino fideicommissa, a seruo legata data sunt, prius ratio legatorum habenda est, deinde ex eo quod superest fideicommissorum.
If a slave is appointed heir, and fideicommissa are given by the master and legacies by the slave, account must first be taken of the legacies, and then of the fideicommissa from what remains.
dominus enim ideo tenetur, quod ad eum peruenit: peruenit autem, quod deductis legatis superest.
For the master is liable to the extent that it comes to him; and what remains after the deduction of the legacies comes to him.
plane Falcidiam exercet.
Clearly, he exercises the Falcidian law.
§35.2.22.2Sed et si dominus omissa hereditatis aditione seruum sibi substitutum adire iussit, prius erogantur quae ab ipso domino data sunt, tunc eorum quae a seruo relicta sunt ratio initur, si patitur Falcidia.
But even if the master, omitting the acceptance of the inheritance, has ordered the slave substituted for him to accept it, those things which were given by the master himself are first paid out, and then the account of those things left by the slave is entered into, if the Falcidian law permits.
§35.2.22.3Si debitori liberatio legata sit, quamuis soluendo non sit, totum legatum computetur, licet nomen hoc non augeat hereditatem nisi ex euentu.
If a release is bequeathed to a debtor, although he is insolvent, the whole legacy should be computed, even though this debt does not increase the inheritance except as a result of the event.
igitur si Falcidia locum habeat, hoc plus uidebitur legatum, quod huic legatum esset: cetera quoque minuentur legata per hoc et ipsum hoc per alia; capere enim uidetur eo, quod liberatur.
Therefore, if the Falcidian law has a place, this will be seen as a greater legacy, namely what was bequeathed to him; the other legacies will also be diminished through this, and this itself through the others; for he is deemed to receive by the fact that he is released.
§35.2.22.4Sed si alii hoc nomen legetur, nullum legatum erit nec ceteris contribuetur.
But if this debt is bequeathed to another, there will be no legacy, nor will it be contributed to the others.