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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §35.1.91.pr

Classification of Future Conditions by Time and Certainty

Passage 5422 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Maecianus explains that testamentary conditions referring to the future have three natures (pertaining to the testator's lifetime, post-mortem, or either) and involve either a definite or indefinite time, illustrating this with specific examples.

[MAECIANUS libro secundo fideicommissorum. ] §35.1.91.prCondicionum, quae in futurum conferuntur, triplex natura est, ut quaedam ad id tempus, quo testator uiuat, quaedam ad id, quod post mortem eius futurum sit, quaedam ad alterutrum pertineant, tempus autem uel certum uel infinitum comprehendatur: quae omnia non minus in fideicommissis quam in institutionibus ac legatis incidere solent: ut haec condicio 'Titiae, si mihi nubserit' non dubie nisi uiuente testatore, illa autem 'si ad exsequias funeris mei uenerit' nisi post mortem impleri non possit, illa uero 'si filio meo nubserit' uel uiuente uel mortuo testatore impleri possit.
[MAECIANUS libro secundo fideicommissorum.] The nature of conditions which refer to the future is threefold, so that some belong to the time in which the testator is alive, some to that which is to come after his death, and some to either of the two, while the time included is either definite or indefinite. All of these are accustomed to occur no less in trusts than in institutions and legacies: for example, this condition, "to Titia, if she marries me," undoubtedly cannot be fulfilled except during the lifetime of the testator, while that one, "if she attends my funeral," cannot be fulfilled except after his death, and yet that one, "if she marries my son," can be fulfilled whether the testator is alive or dead.
et prima quidem ac tertia ex relatis condicionibus infinitum tempus habent: quandoque enim nubserit, impletur condicio: secunda ad certum tempus adscripta est.
And indeed the first and the third of the mentioned conditions have an indefinite time: for whenever she marries, the condition is fulfilled; the second is bound to a definite time.

Notes

  1. §35.1.91.prquae in futurum conferuntur — The antecedent of the relative pronoun `quae` is `condicionum`. `conferuntur` here means "are directed to" or "refer to," indicating that the fulfillment of the conditions depends on future events.
  2. §35.1.91.prut... pertineant... comprehendatur — This is an explanatory `ut` clause specifying the "threefold" (`triplex`) nature, using the present subjunctives `pertineant` and `comprehendatur`.
  3. §35.1.91.prnon dubie nisi uiuente testatore — Here, a phrase similar to `impleri non possit` (cannot be fulfilled) from the subsequent clause is understood as omitted.
  4. §35.1.91.pruiuente testatore — An ablative absolute (noun + present participle) expressing the condition "while the testator is alive." The subsequent `mortuo testatore` is also an ablative absolute (noun + perfect participle).

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §35.1.91.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:35.1.91.pr

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