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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §35.1.10.pr-35.1.10.1

Legacies Conditioned on Marriage and Valid Fulfillment

Passage 5341 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This passage discusses the timing of condition fulfillment in conditional legacies and the requirements for a valid marriage, explaining the treatment when a condition is already met without the testator's knowledge.

[IDEM libro uicesimo tertio ad Sabinum. ] §35.1.10.prHaec condicio 'filiae meae cum 'nubserit' talis est, ut qui testatus est impleri solummodo condicionem uoluerit, non satis egerit quando: et ideo et si uiuo testatore nupserit post testamentum factum, inpleta condicio uidetur, praesertim cum condicio haec talis est, ut semel impleri debeat.
[THE SAME in the twenty-third book on Sabinus.] This condition 'when my daughter marries' is of such a character that the testator wished only that the condition be fulfilled, and did not sufficiently concern himself with when: and therefore, even if she marries after the making of the testament while the testator is still alive, the condition is deemed to be fulfilled, especially since this condition is such that it ought to be fulfilled only once.
sed enim non omnes coniunctiones implent condicionem: puta enim nondum nubilis aetatis in domum mariti deducta non paruit condicioni.
But indeed, not all unions fulfill the condition: for instance, a girl who has not yet reached marriageable age and is led into the house of a husband does not comply with the condition.
sed et si ei coniuncta sit, cuius nuptiis ei interdictum sit, idem dicemus.
Moreover, if she is united with someone with whom marriage is forbidden to her, we shall say the same.
an tamen nubendo postea parere condicioni possit, quasi non nubserit, dubitari potest: et si testator de primo nuptiali iugo sensit, puto defectam condicione: benigne tamen dicendum est nondum impletam condicionem defectam.
However, whether she can comply with the condition by marrying later, as if she had not married before, can be doubted: and if the testator had in mind the first marriage yoke, I think the condition has failed: yet it should be leniently said that the condition is not yet fulfilled rather than failed.
§35.1.10.1Si sic legatum sit 'si nauis ex Asia uenerit' et ignorante testatore nauis uenerit testamenti facti tempore, dicendum pro impleta haberi.
If a legacy is bequeathed in this manner, 'if the ship arrives from Asia,' and without the testator's knowledge the ship has already arrived at the time the testament was made, it must be said that it is held as fulfilled.
et si cui sic legatum est 'cum pubes erit', simili modo hoc erit dicendum.
And if a legacy is bequeathed to someone in this manner, 'when he is of pubertal age,' this must be said in a similar manner.

Notes

  1. §35.1.10.prnon satis egerit quando — satis agere means "to take sufficient measures" or "to make sufficient provision", here followed by the indirect question with quando (when), indicating that the testator did not place any specific restriction or provision on when the condition should be met.
  2. §35.1.10.prquasi non nubserit — quasi is followed by the perfect subjunctive nubserit, representing an assumption contrary to the past fact (i.e., as if she had not previously contracted an invalid or premature union).
  3. §35.1.10.prnondum impletam condicionem defectam — An elliptical expression with verbs and conjunctions omitted. It contrastingly indicates condicionem [non] defectam [esse] [sed] nondum impletam [esse] (that the condition has not failed, but is merely not yet fulfilled).
  4. §35.1.10.1testamenti facti tempore — Ablative of time, meaning "at the time when the testament was made."

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §35.1.10.pr-35.1.10.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:35.1.10.pr-35.1.10.1

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