[PAULUS libro decimo quaestionum. ] §33.2.26.prSempronius Attalus ab herede suo fundum in Italiam Gaio post decennium deducto usu fructu dari iussit: quaero, cum medio hoc decennii spatio heres uita functus sit, an post tempus decennii plenus fundus ad legatarium pertineat.
[PAULUS, Questions, Book X.] Sempronius Attalus ordered his heir to give Gaius an estate in Italy after ten years, deducting the usufruct. I ask, if the heir died in the middle of this ten-year period, whether the full estate belongs to the legatee after the ten-year period.
mouet enim me, quod dies legati huius siue fideicommissi cesserit ac per hoc et ad heredem legatarii pertinere potuerit, et ideo quasi circa debitum iam legatum mortuo herede usus fructus exstinctus sit nec ad heredem heredis pertinere possit.
For I am moved by the fact that the day of this legacy or trust-bequest has arrived, and through this, it could also belong to the legatee's heir, and therefore, as if concerning a legacy already due, the usufruct was extinguished by the death of the heir and cannot belong to the heir of the heir.
respondi: dies quidem fideicommissi uel legati cedit statim, cum post tempus certum heres dare rogatur siue iubetur: sed usus fructus nondum est heredis, nisi cum dominium deducto usu fructu praestitit, et ideo capitis deminutione uel morte perire non potest quod nondum habuit.
I answered: the day of the trust-bequest or legacy indeed arrives immediately when the heir is asked or ordered to give after a certain time; but the usufruct is not yet the heir's, unless when he has provided the ownership with the usufruct deducted, and therefore what he did not yet have cannot perish by change of status or death.
idem euenit, si proprietas deducto usu fructu sub condicione legata sit et pendente condicione heres decesserit: tunc enim ab heredis herede incipit usus fructus, qui ex persona eius finietur.
The same happens if the ownership, with the usufruct deducted, is bequeathed under a condition, and while the condition is pending, the heir dies; for then the usufruct begins from the heir of the heir, which will be terminated from his person.
sed his casibus de sententia testatoris quaerendum est, qui utique de eo usu fructu detrahendo sensit, qui coniunctus esset heredis personae: quo extincto solidam proprietatem ad legatarium uoluit pertinere nec plus transmitti ad successorem suum, quis nondum habere coepit usum fructum, quam si iam habere coepisset.
But in these cases, we must inquire into the intention of the testator, who certainly intended to deduct that usufruct which would be connected to the person of the heir; upon the extinction of which, he wished the full ownership to belong to the legatee, and not to transmit more to his successor, who had not yet begun to have the usufruct, than if he had already begun to have it.
§33.2.26.1Si fundus duobus, alii usus fructus legatus sit, non trientes in usu fructu, sed semisses constituuntur: idemque est ex contrario, si duo sint fructuarii et alii proprietas legata est.
If an estate is bequeathed to two persons, and the usufruct to another, not thirds but halves are established in the usufruct; and the same is true in the contrary case, if there are two usufructuaries and the ownership is bequeathed to another.
et inter eos tantum adcrescendi ius est.
And the right of accrual exists only between them.