[ULPIANUS libro uicesimo quarto ad Sabinum. ] §32.0.52.prLibrorum appellatione continentur omnia uolumina, siue in charta siue in membrana sint siue in quauis alia materia: sed et si in philyra aut in tilia (ut nonnulli conficiunt) aut in quo alio corio, idem erit dicendum.
[ULPIANUS libro uicesimo quarto ad Sabinum.] By the term "books" are contained all volumes, whether they are on papyrus or on parchment or on any other material: but even if they are on bast or on linden bark (as some construct them) or on any other skin, the same must be said.
quod si in codicibus sint membraneis uel chartaceis uel etiam eboreis uel alterius materiae uel in ceratis codicillis, an debeantur, uideamus.
But if they are in codices of parchment or papyrus or even of ivory or of other material, or in waxed tablets, let us see whether they are due.
et Gaius Cassius scribit deberi et membranas libris legatis: consequenter igitur cetera quoque debebuntur, si non aduersetur uoluntas testatoris.
And Gaius Cassius writes that parchments are also due when books have been bequeathed: consequently, therefore, other materials will also be due, if the intention of the testator does not oppose it.
§32.0.52.1Si cui centum libri sint legati, centum uolumina ei dabimus, non centum, quae quis ingenio suo metitus est, qui ad libri scripturam sufficerent: ut puta cum haberet Homerum totum in uno uolumine, non quadraginta octo libros computamus, sed unum Homeri uolumen pro libro accipiendum est.
If a hundred books are bequeathed to someone, we shall give him a hundred volumes, not a hundred of those which someone has measured by his own genius as sufficient for the writing of a book: as, for example, when he has the whole of Homer in one volume, we do not compute forty-eight books, but one volume of Homer must be accepted as a book.
§32.0.52.2Si Homeri corpus sit legatum et non sit plenum, quantaecumquae rhapsodiae inueniantur, debentur.
If the body of Homer has been bequeathed and it is not complete, however many rhapsodies are found, they are due.
§32.0.52.3Libris autem legatis bibliothecas non contineri Sabinus scribit: idem et Cassius: ait enim membranas quae scriptae sint contineri, deinde adiecit neque armaria neque scrinia neque cetera, in quibus libri conduntur, deberi.
But Sabinus writes that libraries are not contained when books are bequeathed: Cassius says the same: for he says that parchments which have been written upon are contained, and then he added that neither cupboards nor chests nor other things in which books are stored are due.
§32.0.52.4Quod tamen Cassius de membranis puris scripsit, uerum est: nam nec chartae purae debentur libris legatis nec chartis legatis libri debebuntur, nisi forte et hic nos urserit uoluntas: ut puta si quis forte chartas sic reliquerit 'chartas meas uniuersas', qui nihil aliud quam libros habebat, studiosus studioso: nemo enim dubitabit libros deberi: nam et in usu plerique libros chartas appellant.
However, what Cassius wrote about blank parchments is true: for neither blank papyrus sheets are due when books are bequeathed, nor will books be due when papyrus sheets are bequeathed, unless by chance here too the intention constrains us: as, for example, if someone has left papyrus sheets in this way: "all my papyrus sheets", who had nothing other than books, a scholar to a scholar: for no one will doubt that books are due: for in usage most people call books "papyrus sheets".
quid ergo, si quis chartas legauerit puras? membranae non continebuntur neque ceterae ad scribendum materiae, sed nec coepti scribi libri.
What then, if someone has bequeathed blank papyrus sheets? Parchments will not be contained, nor other materials for writing, nor even books that have begun to be written.
§32.0.52.5Unde non male quaeritur, si libri legati sint, an contineantur nondum perscripti.
Hence it is not poorly asked, if books are bequeathed, whether those not yet fully written are contained.
et non puto contineri, non magis quam uestis appellatione nondum detexta continetur.
And I do not think they are contained, any more than a garment not yet woven is contained under the term "garment".
sed perscripti libri nondum malleati uel ornati continebuntur: proinde et nondum conglutinati uel emendati continebuntur: sed et membranae nondum consutae continebuntur.
But books fully written but not yet beaten or decorated will be contained: likewise, those not yet glued together or corrected will be contained: but even parchments not yet sewn together will be contained.
§32.0.52.6Chartis legatis neque papyrum ad chartas paratum neque chartae nondum perfectae continebuntur.
When papyrus sheets are bequeathed, neither papyrus prepared for sheets nor sheets not yet completed will be contained.
§32.0.52.7Sed si bibliothecam legauerit, utrum armarium solum uel armaria continebuntur an uero libri quoque contineantur, quaeritur.
But if he has bequeathed a library, it is asked whether the cupboard alone or cupboards are contained, or whether indeed the books are also contained.
et eleganter Nerua ait interesse id, quod testator senserit: nam et locum significari bibliothecam eo: alias armarium, sicuti dicimus 'eboream bibliothecam emit': alias libros, sicuti dicimus 'bibliothecam emisse'.
And Nerva elegantly says that it makes a difference what the testator intended: for by that word sometimes a library is signified as a place: at other times a cupboard, as when we say "he bought an ivory library": at other times books, as when we say "he bought a library".
§32.0.52.7aQuod igitur scribit Sabinus libros bibliothecam non sequi, non per omnia uerum est: nam interdum armaria quoque debentur, quae plerique bibliothecas appellant.
Therefore, what Sabinus writes, that books do not follow a library, is not true in all respects: for sometimes cupboards are also due, which most people call libraries.
plane si mihi proponas adhaerentia esse membro armaria uel adfixa, sine dubio non debebuntur, cum aedificii portio sint.
Clearly, if you propose to me that the cupboards are attached to a wall or fixed, without doubt they will not be due, since they are part of the building.
§32.0.52.8Quod in bibliotheca tractauimus, idem Pomponius libro sexto ex Sabino in dactyliotheca legata tractat: et ait anulos quoque contineri, non solum thecam, quae anulorum causa parata sit: hoc autem ex eo coniectat, quod ita proponitur quis legasse: dactyliothecam meam et si quos praeterea anulos habeo' et ita Labeonem quoque existimasse ait.
What we have discussed concerning a library, Pomponius also discusses in his sixth book from Sabinus concerning a bequeathed ring-case: and he says that the rings are also contained, not only the case which was prepared for the sake of the rings: and this he conjectures from the fact that it is proposed that someone bequeathed in this way: "my ring-case and whatever rings I have besides"; and he says that Labeo also thought so.
§32.0.52.9Sunt tamen quaedam, quae omnimodo legatum sequuntur: ut lectum legatum contineat et fulctra et armariis et loculis claustra et claues cedunt.
However, there are certain things which in every way follow a bequest: as a bequeathed bed contains also its posts, and locks and keys belong to cupboards and boxes.