[SCAEUOLA libro octauo decimo digestorum. ] §32.0.37.prCum quis decedens Seiae matri fundum, qui proprius matris erat, legauerat, ab ea petierat, ut eundem cum moreretur Flauiae Albinae coniugi suae restitueret.
[Scaevola in the eighteenth book of the Digests.] When a certain person at his death had bequeathed to his mother Seia a tract of land which was the mother's own property, he had requested of her that she restore the same, when she died, to his wife Flavia Albina.
post mortem testatoris mater apud magistratum professa est nihil se aduersus uoluntatem filii sui facturam paratamque se fundum Flauiae Albinae tradere, si sibi annua bina praestarentur redituum nomine: sed neque possessionem tradidit neque annua bina accepit.
After the death of the testator, the mother declared before the magistrate that she would do nothing contrary to the will of her son, and that she was ready to deliver the tract of land to Flavia Albina if two annual payments were made to her under the name of income; but she neither delivered possession nor received the two annual payments.
quaesitum est, an iure fundum alii uendere possit.
It was asked whether she could lawfully sell the land to another.
respondit, si de legati iure fideique commissi quaereretur, secundum ea quae proponerentur nec ualuisse, quod matri suum legabatur, neque onus fideicommissi processisse, si modo nihil praeterea mater cepisset.
He answered that, if the question concerned the law of bequest and trust, according to the facts presented, neither was the bequest of her own property to the mother valid, nor did the burden of the trust arise, provided that the mother had received nothing else besides.
§32.0.37.1Qui testamento heredem scripserat, Maeuio ducenta legauit et fidei eius commisit, ut centum daret Glauce, Tyche Elpidi autem quinquaginta: postea Maeuius uolente testatore litteras emisit ad eas secundum uoluntatem testatoris restituturum: postea testator fecit codicillos, quibus et hoc praecepit, ut praeter hos codicillos si quid aliud prolatum esset, non ualeat.
A person who had designated an heir in his testament bequeathed two hundred to Maevius, and entrusted to his good faith to give one hundred to Glauce, and fifty to Tyche Elpis. Afterward, with the consent of the testator, Maevius sent a letter to them stating that he would restore it in accordance with the will of the testator. Subsequently, the testator made codicils in which he also directed that if any other document besides these codicils should be produced, it should not be valid.
quaesitum est, an Maeuius, qui ducenta accepit, quia mutauit uoluntatem de ea epistula testator, a mulieribus conueniri ex causa fideicommissi possit.
It was asked whether Maevius, who received the two hundred, could be sued by the women on the ground of the trust, because the testator changed his will regarding that letter.
respondit secundum ea quae proponuntur frustra Macuium conueniri, siue ducenta siue praedium pro his accepit.
He answered that, according to the facts presented, Maevius is sued in vain, whether he received two hundred or a tract of land instead of them.
§32.0.37.2Seiam et Maeuium libertos suos aequis partibus heredes scripsit: Maeuio substituit Sempronium pupillum suum: deinde codicillos per fideicommissum confirmauit, quibus ita cauit: 'Lucius Titius Seiae heredi suae, quam pro parte dimidia institui, salutem.
He designated Seia and Maevius, his freedpersons, as heirs in equal parts; to Maevius he substituted his ward Sempronius. Then he confirmed codicils by trust, in which he provided as follows: "Lucius Titius to his heir Seia, whom I appointed for a half part, greetings.
Maeuium libertum meum, quem in testamento pro parte dimidia heredem institui, eam partem hereditatis ueto accipere, cuius in locum partemue 'eius Publium Sempronium dominum meum heredem esse uolo', et Maeuio, ad quem hereditatis portionem noluit peruenire, cum hoc elogio fideicommissum reliquit: 'Maeuio liberto meo de me nihil merito dari uolo lagynos uini uetusti centum quinquaginta'. quaesitum est, cum uoluntas testatoris haec fuerit, ut omnimodo perueniat portio hereditatis ad Sempronium pupillum, an fideicommissum ex uerbis supra scriptis ualere intellegatur et a quo Sempronius petere possit, cum ad certam personam codicillos scripserit.
I forbid my freedman Maevius, whom I appointed heir in my testament for a half part, to receive that part of the inheritance, in whose place or part of which I wish Publius Sempronius, my patron, to be heir." And to Maevius, to whom he did not wish the portion of the inheritance to come, he left a trust with this addition: "I wish there to be given to my freedman Maevius, who has deserved nothing from me, one hundred and fifty jars of old wine." It was asked, since the will of the testator was that the portion of the inheritance should by all means come to the ward Sempronius, whether the trust is understood to be valid from the words written above, and from whom Sempronius can demand it, since he wrote the codicils to a specific person.
respondit posse fideicommissum a Maeuio peti.
He answered that the trust could be demanded from Maevius.
§32.0.37.3Pater emancipato filio bona sua uniuersa exceptis duobus seruis non mortis causa donauit et stipulatus est a filio in haec uerba: 'quae tibi mancipia quaeque praedia donationis causa tradidi cessi, per te non fieri doloue malo neque per eum ad quem ea res pertinebit, quo minus ea mancipia quaeque ex his adgnata erunt eaque praedia cum instrumento, cum ego uolam uel cum morieris, quaequae eorum exstabunt neque dolo malo aut fraude factoue tuo eiusque ad quem ea res pertinebit in rerum natura aut in potestate esse desissent, si uiuam mihi aut cui ego uolam reddantur restituantur, stipulatus est Lucius Titius pater, spopondit Lucius Titius filius'. idem pater decedens epistulam fideicommissariam ad filium suum scripsit in haec uerba: 'Lucio Titio filio suo salutem.
A father made a gift, not in contemplation of death, to his emancipated son of all his property, except for two slaves, and took a stipulation from the son in these words: "That it shall not be brought about by you or by your malicious intent, nor by him to whom that property shall belong, that the slaves and whatever offspring shall be born of them, and those lands with their equipment, when I wish or when you die, whatever of them shall exist and shall not, by your malicious intent or fraud or act or that of him to whom that property shall belong, have ceased to exist in nature or to be in power, should not be returned and restored to me if I am alive, or to whomsoever I wish; Lucius Titius the father stipulated, Lucius Titius the son promised." The same father at his death wrote a codicillary letter to his son in these words: "To his son Lucius Titius, greetings.
certus de tua pietate fidei tuae committo, uti des praestes illi et illi certam pecuniam: et Lucrionem seruum meum liberum esse uolo'. quaesitum est, cum filius patris nec bonorum possessionem acceperit nec ei heres exstiterit, an ex epistula fideicommissa et libertatem praestare debeat.
Assured of your devotion, I commit to your good faith that you give and perform to such and such a person a certain sum of money; and I wish my slave Lucrio to be free." It was asked, since the son neither accepted the possession of the goods of his father nor stood as his heir, whether he ought to perform the trusts and freedom from the letter.
respondit, etsi neque hereditatem adisset neque bonorum possessionem petisset et nihil ex hereditate possideret, tamen nihilo minus et ex stipulatu ab heredibus patris et fideicommisso ab his quorum interest quasi debitorem conueniri posse, maxime post constitutionem diui Pii, quae hoc induxit.
He answered that, although he had neither entered upon the inheritance nor sought possession of the goods, and possessed nothing from the inheritance, nevertheless he could be sued just as a debtor both on the stipulation by the heirs of the father, and on the trust by those who are interested, especially after the constitution of the deified Pius, which introduced this rule.