[IDEM libro septimo responsorum. ] §31.0.76.prCum filius diuisis tribunalibus actionem inofficiosi testamenti matris pertulisset atque ita uariae sententiae iudicum exstitissent, heredem, qui filium uicerat, pro partibus, quas aliis coheredibus abstulit filius, non habiturum praeceptiones sibi datas, non magis quam ceteros legatarios actiones, constitit.
When a son had pursued an action for an inofficious testament of his mother before divided tribunals, and thus different decisions of the judges had emerged, it was held that the heir who had defeated the son would not have the pre-legacies given to him, in proportion to the shares which the son took away from the other co-heirs, any more than the other legatees would have their actions.
sed libertates ex testamento competere placuit, cum pro parte filius de testamento matris litigasset.
But it was decided that manumissions under the testament are valid, since the son had litigated concerning his mother's testament only in part.
quod non erit trahendum ad seruitutes, quae pro parte minui non possunt: plane petetur integra seruitus ab eo qui filium uicit, partis autem aestimatio praestabitur: aut si paratus erit filius pretio accepto seruitutem praebere, doli summouebitur exceptione legatarius, si non offerat partis aestimationem, exemplo scilicet legis Falcidiae.
This must not be extended to servitudes, which cannot be diminished in part; clearly, the entire servitude will be claimed from the one who defeated the son, but the valuation of the share will be paid; or if the son is prepared to grant the servitude upon receiving the price, the legatee will be barred by the defense of fraud if he does not offer the valuation of the share, following the example, of course, of the Falcidian law.
§31.0.76.1'Lucio Sempronio lego omnem hereditatem Publii Maeuii'. Sempronius ea demum onera suscipiet, quae Maeuianae hereditatis fuerunt et in diem mortis eius, qui heres Maeuii exstitit, perseuerauerunt, sicut uice mutua praestabuntur actiones, quae praestari potuerunt.
'I bequeath to Lucius Sempronius the entire inheritance of Publius Maevius.' Sempronius shall only assume those burdens which belonged to the Maevian inheritance and which persisted up to the day of death of him who was the heir of Maevius; and likewise, in return, the actions which could be performed shall be made available.
§31.0.76.2Dominus herede fructuario scripto fundum sub condicione legauit.
An owner bequeathed a tract of land under a condition, having appointed the usufructuary as heir.
uoluntatis ratio non patitur, ut heres ex causa fructus emolumentum retineat: diuersum in ceteris praediorum seruitutibus, quas heres habuit, responsum est: quoniam fructus portionis instar optinet.
The principle of the testator's intention does not allow the heir to retain the benefit of the usufruct on account of his heirship; but a different answer was given regarding other servitudes of estates which the heir held, because a usufruct has the character of a portion.
§31.0.76.3'Heres meus Titio dato, quod ex testamento Sempronii debetur mihi'. cum iure nouationis, quam legatarius idemque testator ante fecerat, legatum ex testamento non debeatur, placuit falsam demonstrationem legatario non obesse, nec in totum falsum uideri, quod ueritatis primordio adiuuaretur.
'Let my heir give to Titius what is owed to me under the testament of Sempronius.' Although, by right of novation which the legatee (who was also the testator) had previously made, the legacy under the testament was not owed, it was held that the false description did not prejudice the legatee, nor did that seem entirely false which was supported by an origin of truth.
§31.0.76.4Seruus pure manumissus, cui libertas propter impedimentum iuris post aditam hereditatem non competit, quod status eius extrinsecus suspenditur (forte propter adulterii quaestionem), ex eodem testamento neque legata neque fideicommissa pure data sperare potest, quia dies inutiliter cedit.
A slave unconditionally manumitted, to whom freedom is not competent after the inheritance is entered upon because of a legal impediment, because his status is suspended from without (perhaps because of an inquiry into adultery), cannot expect either legacies or trusts unconditionally given under the same testament, because the vesting day arrives inoperatively.
§31.0.76.5Pater cum filia pro semisse herede instituta sic testamento locutus fuerat: 'peto, cum morieris, licet alios quoque filios susceperis, Sempronio nepoti meo plus tribuas in honorem nominis mei'. necessitas quidem restituendi nepotibus uiriles partes praecedere uidebatur, sed moderandae portionis, quam maiorem in unius nepotis personam conferri uoluit, arbitrium filiae datum.
A father, in his testament, had addressed his daughter, who was appointed heir for a half share, as follows: 'I request that when you die, even though you should have other children as well, you leave more to my grandson Sempronius in honor of my name.' Indeed, the necessity of restoring equal shares to the grandchildren seemed to take precedence, but the power of regulating the portion—which he wished to be bestowed larger upon the person of the one grandson—was given to the daughter.
§31.0.76.6Non iure tutori dato mater legauit: si consentiat, ut decreto praetoris confirmetur, et praetor non idoneum existimet, actio legati non denegabitur.
A mother bequeathed something to a guardian who was not legally appointed: if he consents to be confirmed by a decree of the praetor, and the praetor considers him unfit, the action for the legacy will not be denied.
§31.0.76.7Qui Mucianam cautionem alicuius non faciendi causa interposuit, si postea fecerit, fructus quoque legatorum (quos principio promitti necesse est) restituere debet.
He who has entered into a Mucian guarantee for the sake of not doing something, if he subsequently does it, must also restore the fruits of the legacies (which must be promised at the beginning).
§31.0.76.8Uariis actionibus legatorum simul legatarius uti non potest, quia legatum datum in partes diuidi non potest: non enim ea mente datum est legatariis pluribus actionibus uti, sed ut laxior eis agendi facultas sit, ex una, interim quae fuerat electa, legatum petere.
A legatee cannot use different actions for legacies at the same time, because a legacy given cannot be split into parts; for it was not given with the intention that legatees should use several actions, but that they should have a more flexible power of suing, to claim the legacy from one action in the meantime which had been chosen.
Repetendorum legatorum facultas ex eo testamento solutorum danda est, quod irritum esse post defuncti memoriam damnatam apparuit, modo si iam legatis solutis crimen perduellionis illatum est.
The power to recover legacies paid under a testament must be granted if it appears that the testament became void after the memory of the deceased was condemned, provided that the charge of high treason was brought only after the legacies had already been paid.