[IULIANUS libro trigesimo tertio digestorum. ] §30.1.84.prHuiusmodi legatum: 'Si Titius heredi meo cauerit centum Maeuio se daturum, et heres meus Titio centum dato', utile legatum est, quemadmodum quod alicui legatum ex causa fideicommissi restituatur.
[IULIANUS libro trigesimo tertio digestorum.] A legacy of this kind: "If Titius provides security to my heir that he will give one hundred to Maevius, then my heir shall give one hundred to Titius," is a valid legacy, just as that which is bequeathed to someone is restored to another on the ground of a trust (fideicommissum).
§30.1.84.1Eadem ratione hoc quoque legatum utile sit: 'Si Titius heredi meo cauerit se in municipio ex centum aureis opus facturum, tum ei centum aureos heres meus dare damnas esto'. §30.1.84.2Si Sempronius Titium heredem instituerit et ab eo post biennium fundum dari iusserit Maeuio, Titius deinde ab herede suo eundem fundum Maeuio praesenti die legauerit et Maeuius pretium fundi ab herede Titii acceperit: si ex testamento Sempronii fundum petere uelit, exceptione repelli poterit si pretio fundi contentus non erit.
On the same reasoning, this legacy also should be valid: "If Titius provides security to my heir that he will perform a work in the municipality out of one hundred aurei, then my heir shall be under obligation to give him one hundred aurei." If Sempronius appointed Titius as heir and ordered him to give a land to Maevius after two years, and then Titius bequeathed the same land to Maevius from his own heir unconditionally (praesenti die), and Maevius received the price of the land from Titius' heir: if he wishes to claim the land under Sempronius' will, he can be repelled by an exception, if he is not content with the price of the land.
§30.1.84.3Si cui homo legatus fuisset et per legatarium stetisset, quo minus Stichum, cum heres tradere uolebat, acciperet, mortuo Sticho exceptio doli mali heredi proderit.
If a slave had been bequeathed to someone, and it was due to the legatee that he did not receive Stichus when the heir wished to deliver him, then upon the death of Stichus, the exception of fraud (exceptio doli mali) will benefit the heir.
§30.1.84.4Aedes, quibus heredis aedes seruiebant, legatae sunt traditae legatario non imposita seruitute.
A house, to which the heir's house owed a servitude, was bequeathed and delivered to the legatee without the servitude being imposed.
dixi posse legatarium ex testamento agere, quia non plenum legatum accepisset: nam et eum, qui debilitatum ab herede seruum acceperit, recte ex testamento agere.
I said that the legatee could sue under the will, because he had not received a complete legacy; for even he who has received from the heir a slave who has been disabled can correctly sue under the will.
§30.1.84.5Qui seruum testamento sibi legatum, ignorans eum sibi legatum, ab herede emit, si cognito legato ex testamento egerit et seruum acceperit, actione ex uendito absolui debet, quia hoc iudicium fidei bonae est et continet in se doli mali exceptionem.
He who buys from the heir a slave bequeathed to him by will, being ignorant that the slave had been bequeathed to him, if, upon learning of the legacy, he sues under the will and receives the slave, ought to be absolved in the action on sale (actio ex uendito), because this action is one of good faith and contains within itself the exception of fraud.
quod si pretio soluto ex testamento agere instituerit, hominem consequi debebit, actione ex empto pretium reciperabit, quemadmodum reciperaret, si homo euictus fuisset.
But if, after paying the price, he initiates a suit under the will, he must obtain the slave, and he will recover the price by the action on purchase (actio ex empto), just as he would recover it if the slave had been evicted.
quod si iudicio ex empto actum fuerit et tunc actor compererit legatum sibi hominem esse et agat ex testamento, non aliter absolui heredem oportebit, quam si pretium restituerit et hominem actoris fecerit.
If, however, the action on purchase has been brought, and the plaintiff then discovers that the slave was bequeathed to him and sues under the will, the heir ought not to be absolved otherwise than if he restores the price and makes the slave the property of the plaintiff.
§30.1.84.6Cum pater pro filia sua dotis nomine centum promisisset, deinde eidem centum eadem legasset, doli mali exceptione heres tutus erit, si et gener ex promissione et puella ex testamento agere instituerit: conuenire enim inter eos oportet, ut alterutra actione contenti sint.
When a father had promised one hundred as dowry on behalf of his daughter, and then bequeathed the same one hundred to the same daughter, the heir will be protected by the exception of fraud if both the son-in-law sues on the promise and the daughter sues under the will; for they ought to agree to be content with either one of the actions.
§30.1.84.7Si ita cui legatum esset: 'Si tabulas chirographi mei heredi meo reddiderit, heres meus ei decem dato', huiusmodi condicio hanc uim habet 'si heredem meum debito liberauerit'. quare et, si tabulae exstabunt, non intellegetur condicioni satisfecisse creditor, nisi acceptum heredi fecerit, et, si tabulae in rerum natura non fuerint, existimabitur inplesse condicionem, si heredem liberauerit, nec ad rem pertinebit, iam tunc cum testamentum ficbat tabulae interciderint an postea uel mortuo testatore.
If a legacy was bequeathed to someone as follows: "If he returns the tablets of my handwritten debt-bond to my heir, my heir shall give him ten," a condition of this kind has the force of "if he releases my heir from the debt." Therefore, if the tablets exist, the creditor will not be understood to have satisfied the condition unless he has given a formal release (acceptilatio) to the heir; and if the tablets are no longer in existence, he will be deemed to have fulfilled the condition if he has released the heir, nor will it be of any relevance whether the tablets had perished already at the time the will was being made, or afterwards, or upon the death of the testator.
§30.1.84.8Si Titio et Maeuio legatus fuerit Stichus, qui Titii erat, debebitur pars Stichi Maeuio: nam Titius, quamuis ad legatum non admittatur, partem faciet.
If Stichus, who belonged to Titius, was bequeathed to Titius and Maevius, a share of Stichus will be due to Maevius; for Titius, although he is not admitted to the legacy, makes a share.
§30.1.84.9'Stichum aut Pamphilum, utrum heres meus uolet, Titio dato'. si dixerit heres Stichum se uelle dare, Sticho mortuo liberabitur.
"My heir shall give to Titius either Stichus or Pamphilus, whichever my heir wishes." If the heir says that he wishes to give Stichus, he will be released upon the death of Stichus.
cum autem semel dixerit heres, utrum dare uelit, mutare sententiam non poterit.
However, once the heir has said which of them he wishes to give, he cannot change his mind.
§30.1.84.10Legatum est ita: 'Fundum Cornelianum et mancipia, quae in eo fundo cum moriar mea erunt, heres meus Titio dato'. ancilla, quae in eo fundo esse consueuerat, mortis tempore cum in fuga esset, enixa est: quaero, an uel ipsa uel partus eius legato cedat.
A legacy was made as follows: "My heir shall give to Titius the Cornelian estate and the slaves who, when I die, shall be mine on that estate." A female slave, who was accustomed to be on that estate, had fled at the time of death and gave birth: I ask whether either she herself or her offspring falls under the legacy.
respondi: ancilla quamuis in fuga sit, legata uidetur et, licet fugitiua erat, perinde habetur ac si in eo fundo fuisset moriente patre familias: huic consequens est, ut partus quoque matrem sequatur et perinde legato cedat, ac si in fundo editus fuisset.
I answered: although the female slave is in flight, she is deemed to have been bequeathed, and even though she was a runaway, she is treated just as if she had been on that estate when the paterfamilias died. Consequent upon this is that the offspring also follows the mother and falls under the legacy just as if it had been born on the estate.
§30.1.84.11Si Titio Stichus aut Pamphilus, utrum eorum malet, legatus est, deinde Pamphilum testator Titio donauit, Stichus in obligatione remanet.
If Stichus or Pamphilus, whichever of them he preferred, was bequeathed to Titius, and then the testator donated Pamphilus to Titius, Stichus remains in the obligation.
§30.1.84.12Quibus ita legatum fuerit: 'Titio et Maeuio singulos seruos do lego', constat eos non concursuros in eundem seruum, sicuti non concurrunt, cum ita legatur: 'Titio seruum do lego: Maeuio alterum seruum do lego'. §30.1.84.13Si is cui legatum fuerat antequam constitueret, qua actione uti uellet, decessit duobus heredibus relictis, legatum accipere simul uenientes, nisi consenserint, non possunt: quare quamdiu alter rem uindicare uult, alter in personam agere non potest.
For those to whom a legacy was made as follows: "I give and bequeath to Titius and Maevius a slave each," it is clear that they will not compete for the same slave, just as they do not compete when it is bequeathed as follows: "I give and bequeath a slave to Titius; I give and bequeath another slave to Maevius." If he to whom a legacy had been made died, leaving two heirs, before he had decided which action he wished to use, they cannot receive the legacy if they come together unless they agree; therefore, as long as one wishes to claim the thing (by real action), the other cannot bring a personal action.
sed si consenserint, rem communiter habebunt: consentire autem uel sua sponte debent uel iudice imminente.
But if they agree, they will hold the thing in common; and they must agree either of their own accord or under the intervention of a judge.