[IDEM libro uicesimo secundo ad Sabinum. ] §30.1.44.prSeruum filii sui castrensis peculii legare pater potest et, si uiuo patre mortuus sit filius et apud patrem peculium remansit, constitit legatum: cum enim filius iure suo non utitur, retro creditur pater dominium in seruo peculiari habuisse.
[THE SAME, Book 22 on Sabinus.] A father can bequeath a slave belonging to the peculium castrense of his son; and if the son dies during the lifetime of the father, and the peculium remains with the father, the legacy is valid; for when the son does not exercise his right, the father is believed retroactively to have had ownership of the slave belonging to the peculium.
§30.1.44.1Si quis rem, sibi legatam ignorans adhuc, legauerit, postea cognouerit et uoluerit ad se pertinere, legatum ualebit, quia, ubi legatarius non repudiauit, retro ipsius fuisse uidetur, ex quo hereditas adita est: si uero repudiauerit, retro uidetur res repudiata fuisse heredis.
If anyone bequeaths a thing bequeathed to himself, being still ignorant of the legacy, and afterwards learns of it and wishes it to belong to him, the legacy will be valid; because, when the legatee does not reject it, the thing is deemed retroactively to have been his from the moment the inheritance was entered upon; but if he rejects it, the rejected thing is deemed retroactively to have belonged to the heir.
§30.1.44.2Si pocula quis legauit et massa facta est uel contra, item si lana legetur et uestimentum ex ea fiat, Iulianus libro trigesimo secundo scripsit legatum in omnibus supra scriptis consistere et deberi quod exstat: quam sententiam puto ueram, si modo non mutauerit testator uoluntatem.
If anyone bequeaths cups, and they are reduced to a mass of metal, or vice versa, likewise if wool is bequeathed and a garment is made from it, Julian writes in his thirty-second book that the legacy is valid in all the above-mentioned cases, and that what exists is due; which opinion I think to be correct, provided that the testator did not change his intention.
§30.1.44.3Sed et si lancem legauit et massam fecit, mox poculum, debebitur poculum, durante scilicet uoluntate.
But even if he bequeaths a dish, and makes it into a mass, and then into a cup, the cup will be due, provided, of course, that the intention continues.
§30.1.44.4Si areae legatae domus imposita sit, debebitur legatario, nisi testator mutauit uoluntatem.
If a house is built upon a bequeathed plot of land, it will be due to the legatee, unless the testator changed his intention.
§30.1.44.5Eum, qui chirographum legat, debitum legare, non solum tabulas argumento est uenditio: nam cum chirographa ueneunt, nomen uenisse uidetur.
That he who bequeaths a chirograph bequeaths the debt, and not merely the tablets, is proved by sale; for when chirographs are sold, the debt is deemed to be sold.
§30.1.44.6Sed et si nomen legetur, benigne id quod debetur accipiendum est, ut actiones aduersus debitorem cedantur.
But even if a debt is bequeathed, what is owed must be interpreted liberally, so that actions against the debtor are ceded.
§30.1.44.7Si idem seruus et legatus et liber esse iussus sit, interdum procedere solum legatum poterit, ut puta si in fraudem creditoris data erit libertas: uel si is sit seruus, qui in perpetuam seruitutem uenierit, idem erit: uel si seruus sit forte pignori datus.
If the same slave is both bequeathed and ordered to be free, sometimes the legacy alone can take effect, as, for instance, if liberty is given in fraud of creditors; or if he is a slave who has been sold under the condition of perpetual slavery, the same will apply; or if the slave happens to have been given in pledge.
§30.1.44.8Si statuliberum heres legauerit, expediet heredi ipsum statuliberum praestare magis quam aestimationem.
If the heir bequeaths a statuliber, it will be more advantageous for the heir to deliver the statuliber himself rather than his valuation.
etenim aestimationem ueram praestabit: ipsum uero si dederit, exsistente condicione nullum sentiet damnum: iam enim aestimatio postea non petitur ab eo hominis liberi.
For he will have to pay the true valuation; but if he delivers the slave himself, he will suffer no loss upon the fulfillment of the condition; for the valuation of a free man is not afterwards demanded from him.
§30.1.44.9Si duos fundos habens testator alterius mihi usum fructum, alterum Titio leget, aditum mihi legatarius non debebit: sed heres cogitur redimere aditum et praestare.
If a testator who has two tracts of land bequeaths the usufruct of one to me and the other tract to Titius, the legatee will not owe me a way of access; but the heir is compelled to purchase the way of access and provide it.