[ULPIANUS libro uicesimo primo ad Sabinum. ] §30.1.34.prPlane ubi transferre uoluit legatum in nouissimum, priori non debebitur, tametsi nouissimus talis sit, in cuius persona legatum non constitit.
[ULPIAN, Book 21 on Sabinus.] Clearly, where the testator wished to transfer the legacy to the latest legatee, it will not be due to the prior one, even if the latest is such a person in whose person the legacy did not stand.
at si coniuncti disiunctiue commixti sint, coniuncti unius personae potestate funguntur.
But if those joined and those disjoined are mixed, those joined perform the function of a single person.
§30.1.34.1Si eadem res saepius legetur in eodem testamento, amplius quam semel peti non potest sufficitque uel rem consequi uel rei aestimationem.
If the same thing is bequeathed several times in the same testament, it cannot be claimed more than once, and it is sufficient either to obtain the thing or the valuation of the thing.
§30.1.34.2Sed si duorum testamentis mihi eadem res legata sit, bis petere potero, ut ex altero testamento rem consequar, ex altero aestimationem.
But if the same thing has been bequeathed to me in the testaments of two persons, I will be able to claim twice, so that I may obtain the thing from one testament, and the valuation from the other.
§30.1.34.3Sed si non corpus sit legatum, sed quantitas eadem in eodem testamento saepius, diuus Pius rescripsit tunc saepius praestandam summam, si euidentissimis probationibus ostendatur testatorem multiplicasse legatum uoluisse: idemque et in fideicommisso constituit.
But if not a specific body has been bequeathed, but the same quantity has been bequeathed several times in the same testament, the Divine Pius replied in a rescript that then the sum is to be provided several times, if it is shown by most evident proofs that the testator wished to multiply the legacy; and he established the same also in the case of a trust.
eiusque rei ratio euidens est, quod eadem res saepius praestari non potest, eadem summa uolente testatore multiplicari potest.
And the reason for this matter is obvious, because the same thing cannot be provided several times, but the same sum can be multiplied if the testator wishes.
§30.1.34.4Sed hoc ita erit accipiendum, si non certum corpus nummorum saepius sit relictum, ut puta centum, quae in arca habet, saepius legauit: tunc enim fundo legato esse comparandum credo.
But this is to be so understood if a specific body of coins has not been left several times, as for instance, if he bequeathed several times the one hundred coins which he has in his chest; for in that case I believe it must be compared to a bequeathed land.
§30.1.34.5Sed si pondus auri uel argenti saepius sit relictum, Papinianus respondit magis summae legato comparandum, merito, quoniam non species certa relicta uideatur.
But if a weight of gold or silver has been left several times, Papinian replied that it is rather to be compared to a legacy of a sum, and rightly so, since a specific individual thing does not seem to have been left.
§30.1.34.6Proinde et si quid aliud est quod pondere numero mensura continetur saepius relictum, idem erit dicendum, id est saepius deberi, si hoc testator uoluerit.
Accordingly, if any other thing which consists in weight, number, or measure is left several times, the same must be said, namely, that it is due several times, if the testator so wished.
§30.1.34.7Quod si rem emissem mihi legatam, usque ad pretium quod mihi abest competet mihi ex testamento actio.
But if I had bought the thing bequeathed to me, the action on the testament will lie for me up to the price which I am out of pocket.
§30.1.34.8Et multo magis hoc dicendum est, si duobus testamentis mihi eadem res legata sit, sed alter me restituere rogauerit uel ipsam rem uel aliud pro ea, aut si sub condicione legasset dandi quid pro ea: nam hactenus mihi abesse res uidetur, quatenus sum praestaturus.
And this must be said much more if the same thing has been bequeathed to me by two testaments, but one of the testators has requested me to restore either the thing itself or something else in its place, or if he had bequeathed it under the condition of giving something for it; for the thing is deemed to be lacking to me to the extent that I am to provide something.
§30.1.34.9Si coniunctim res legetur, constat partes ab initio fieri.
If a thing is bequeathed jointly, it is established that shares are made from the beginning.
nec solum hi partem faciunt, in quorum persona constitit legatum, uerum hi quoque, in quorum persona non constitit legatum, ut puta si Titio et seruo proprio sine libertate.
And not only do those make a share in whose person the legacy stood, but those also in whose person the legacy did not stand, as for instance, if it is bequeathed to Titius and one's own slave without freedom.
§30.1.34.10Sed si in pupillari testamento alii eandem legauerit, quam mihi in suo testamento legauit, Iulianus scribit concursu partes nos habere: interim igitur partem habebit is, cui in suo testamento legauit.
But if, in a pupillary testament, he bequeathed to another the same thing which he bequeathed to me in his own testament, Julian writes that we have shares by concurrence; therefore in the meantime, he to whom he bequeathed it in his own testament will have a share.
§30.1.34.11Si duobus sit legata, quorum alter heres institutus sit, a semet ipso ei legatum inutiliter uidetur, ideoque quod ei a se legatum est ad collegatarium pertinebit.
If a thing has been bequeathed to two persons, one of whom has been instituted heir, the legacy to him from himself is deemed useless, and therefore what was bequeathed to him from himself will belong to the co-legatee.
§30.1.34.12Inde dicitur, si duo sint heredes, unus ex uncia, alter ex undecim unciis, et eis fundus legatus sit, unciarium heredem undecim partes in fundo habiturum, coheredem unciam.
Hence it is said that if there are two heirs, one for one-twelfth (uncia) and the other for eleven-twelfths, and a land is bequeathed to them, the heir of one-twelfth will have eleven shares in the land, and the co-heir one share.
§30.1.34.13Plane si alter ex legatariis heres extiterit heredi, a quo legatum erat relictum, non ideo minus partem collegatario faciet: retinet enim pro parte legatum.
Clearly, if one of the legatees becomes the heir to the heir by whom the legacy had been left, he does not on that account make a share any the less for his co-legatee; for he retains the legacy in proportion to his share.
§30.1.34.14Si ita Titio legetur: 'fundum Seianum uel usum fructum eius sibi habeto', duo esse legata et arbitrio eius esse, an uelit usum fructum uindicare.
If it is bequeathed to Titius as follows: "Let him have the Seian land or the usufruct of it for himself," there are two legacies and it is in his discretion whether he wishes to claim the usufruct.
§30.1.34.15Sed et si quis ita leget Titio: 'fundum do lego, ut eum pro parte habeat', mihi uidetur posse dici partem habiturum: uideri enim fundi appellatione non totum fundum, sed partem appellasse: nam et pars fundi fundus recte appellatur.
But also if anyone bequeaths to Titius as follows: "I give and bequeath the land, that he may have it in part," it seems to me that it can be said that he will have a part; for by the designation of "land" he seems to have designated not the whole land, but a part; for even a part of a land is correctly designated as "land."