Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §30.1.14.pr-30.1.14.1
Repeated Legacies to the Same Person with Single Performance
Summary
On the case where a legacy is left multiple times to the same person but with a clause limiting the performance to only once, the text presents the views of Aristo, Celsus, and Marcellus, and discusses Papinian's opinion that the lesser value should be performed when such a clause is added before the completion of the testament.
[ULPIANUS libro quinto decimo ad Sabinum. ] §30.1.14.prSi ita sit adscriptum: 'si cui legauero bis, semel heres ei dato' uel 'ut semel debeatur', et eidem duas quantitates adscripserit uel duos fundos, an utrumque debeatur? et ait Aristo unum uideri legatum: nam quod ademptum est, nec datum uideri secundum Celsi et Marcelli sententiam, quae uera est.
[ULPIANUS, Book 15 on Sabinus.] If it should be written thus: 'If I bequeath to someone twice, let the heir give it to him once,' or 'so that it is owed only once,' and the testator has written down two sums of money or two tracts of land for the same person, is both owed? And Aristo says that only one seems to have been bequeathed: for what has been revoked is deemed not to have been given, according to the opinion of Celsus and Marcellus, which is correct.
§30.1.14.1Sed Papinianus libro nono decimo quaestionum ait etsi post legata saepius adscripta idem hoc subiecit semel praestari uelle et hoc ante impletum testamentum fecerit, ipso iure uideri cetera legata adempta.
But Papinian, in the nineteenth book of his Questions, says that even if, after writing down legacies several times, the testator appended this same statement that he wished them to be performed only once, and did this before the testament was completed, the remaining legacies are deemed to have been revoked by operation of law.
sed quo magis erit ademptum? non enim apparet.
But which one is the more revoked? For it does not appear.
et ait posse dici exiguius esse praestandum.
And he says it can be said that the lesser one is to be performed.
Notes
- 30.1.14.prnec datum uideri — Part of the accusative and infinitive construction (indirect discourse) dependent on the main verb 'ait'. The neuter pronoun 'id', which is the antecedent of the relative clause 'quod ademptum est', is omitted and functions as the subject, meaning '[that which has been revoked] is deemed not to have been given'.
- 30.1.14.1exiguius esse praestandum — The word 'exiguius' is the neuter comparative of the adjective 'exiguus' (small, scanty) used substantively, referring to the 'lesser' of the two legacy amounts or properties. 'praestandum [esse]' is a passive periphrastic infinitive, indicating obligation either impersonally or with 'exiguius' as its subject, meaning 'the lesser portion is to be performed/paid'.
Cite this passage
Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §30.1.14.pr-30.1.14.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:30.1.14.pr-30.1.14.1
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