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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §30.1.113.pr-30.1.113.5

Conditional Legacies, Repetition, and Inept Funeral Bequests

Passage 4710 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This passage discusses conditional legacies to another's slave, maintenance before manumission, the repetition of legacies from multiple heirs or substitutes with the status of conditions, and the invalidity of silly testamentary wishes regarding funerals.

[IDEM libro septimo institutionum. ] §30.1.113.prSeruo alieno ita legari potest 'quoad seruiat' uel 'si seruus' forte 'Titii erit', ut et Marcellus ait.
[THE SAME, in the seventh book of Institutes.] A legacy can be bequeathed to another's slave in this way: "so long as he serves" or, for example, "if he shall belong to Titius", as Marcellus also says.
§30.1.113.1Si quis post tempus libertatem seruo suo dederit et interea rogauerit heredem, donec ad libertatem perueniat, cibaria ei dare, testatoris uoluntati obtemperandum esse diui Seuerus et Antoninus rescripserunt.
If anyone has given freedom to his slave after a certain time, and in the meantime has requested the heir to give him maintenance until he attains freedom, the deified Severus and Antoninus replied by rescript that the intention of the testator must be complied with.
§30.1.113.2Si quis a Primo herede centum legauerit alicui et eidem a Secundo ducenta posteaque generaliter repetierit legata, trecenta uidetur repetisse.
If anyone has bequeathed one hundred to someone from the first heir Primus, and two hundred to the same person from the second heir Secundus, and afterwards has repeated the legacies generally, he is deemed to have repeated three hundred.
§30.1.113.3Sed si pater impuberi filio substituerit et a substituto legata repetierit: si pupillus heres exstiterit et intra pubertatem decesserit, repetitio non ualet, quia uoluntas defuncti haec est, ut semel debeantur.
But if a father has appointed a substitute for his impubertal son, and has repeated the legacies from the substitute: if the ward has become heir and died before puberty, the repetition is not valid, because the intention of the deceased is that they should be due only once.
§30.1.113.4Si ab impubere legatum fuerit sub condicione 'si ad pubertatem peruenerit' et a substituto repetitum fuerit, legatum debetur et a substituto nec uidetur repetita condicio, quae inutile legatum facit.
If a legacy has been bequeathed from an impubertal son under the condition "if he shall attain puberty", and has been repeated from the substitute, the legacy is due also from the substitute, and the condition which would make the legacy useless is not deemed to be repeated.
§30.1.113.5Ineptas uoluntates defunctorum circa sepulturam (ueluti uestes aut si qua alia superuacua ut in funus impendantur) non ualere Papinianus libro tertio responsorum scribit.
Papinian writes in the third book of Responses that silly wishes of deceased persons concerning burial (such as garments, or any other superfluous things to be expended on the funeral) are of no effect.

Notes

  1. §30.1.113.2repetierit — The verb repetere (to repeat, to re-impose) refers to the testator mentioning the same legacy again in another part of the will or imposing it upon another debtor (such as another heir) for confirmation or re-imposition.
  2. §30.1.113.4condicio, quae inutile legatum facit — The relative clause quae...facit modifies the antecedent condicio, meaning "a condition which (if repeated) would render the legacy void." Since the impubertal ward (pupillus) is already deceased by the time the substitute succeeds, the condition "if he shall attain puberty" would be impossible to fulfill, making the legacy useless. Therefore, when repeated from the substitute, this condition is deemed not to have been repeated.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §30.1.113.pr-30.1.113.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:30.1.113.pr-30.1.113.5

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