[IDEM libro quinto quaestionum. ] §30.1.108.prSi seruus legatus uiuo testatore fugisse dicatur, et impensa et periculo eius cui legatus sit reddi debet, quoniam rem legatam eo loco praestare heres debeat, in quo a testatore sit relicta.
[THE SAME, from the fifth book of Questions.] If a bequeathed slave is said to have fled while the testator was still alive, he must be returned at the expense and risk of the person to whom he was bequeathed, since the heir must deliver the bequeathed thing in the place where it was left by the testator.
§30.1.108.1Si id quod ex testamento mihi debes quilibet alius seruo meo donauerit, manebit adhuc mihi ex testamento actio et maxime, si ignorem meam factam esse: alioquin consequens erit, ut etiam, si tu ipse seruo meo eam donaueris, inuito me libereris: quod nullo modo recipiendum est, quando ne solutione quidem inuito me facta libereris.
If anyone else should donate to my slave that which you owe me under a testament, I will still retain my action under the testament, and especially so if I am unaware that it has become mine; otherwise, it will follow that even if you yourself should donate it to my slave, you would be released against my will, which must in no way be accepted, since you would not be released even if a payment were made against my will.
§30.1.108.2Cum homo Titio legatus esset, quaesitum est, utrum arbitrium heredis est quem uelit dandi an potius legatarii.
When a slave was bequeathed to Titius, it was asked whether the choice of whom he wished to give belonged to the heir or rather to the legatee.
respondi uerius dici electionem eius esse, cui potestas sit qua actione uti uelit, id est legatarii.
I replied that it is more correctly said that the choice belongs to the person who has the power to decide which action he wishes to use, that is, the legatee.
§30.1.108.3Huiusmodi legatum 'illi aut illi, uter eorum prior Capitolium ascenderit' utile esse euidenti argumento probari ait, quod constet usum fructum libertis legatum et qui eorum superuixerit proprietatem utiliter legari.
He says that a legacy of this kind, "to this or that person, whichever of them first ascends the Capitol," is proved to be valid by a clear argument, because it is established that a usufruct bequeathed to freedmen and the ownership to whichever of them survives is validly bequeathed.
idque et de herede instituendo dicendum existimauit.
And he thought that the same should be said regarding the institution of an heir.
§30.1.108.4Stichum, quem de te stipulatus eram, Titius a te herede mihi legauit: si quidem non ex lucratiua causa stipulatio intercessit, utile legatum esse placebat, sin e duabus, tunc magis placet inutile esse legatum, quia nec absit quicquam nec bis eadem res praestari possit.
Titius bequeathed to me from you as heir Stichus, whom I had stipulated from you: if indeed the stipulation did not arise from a lucrative cause, it was held that the legacy was valid; but if from two lucrative causes, then it is more approved that the legacy is invalid, because nothing is missing, nor can the same thing be performed twice.
§30.1.108.5Sed si, cum mihi ex testamento Titii Stichum deberes, eundem a te herede Sempronius mihi legauerit fideique meae commiserit, ut eum alicui restituam, legatum utile erit, quia non sum habiturus: idem iuris erit et si pecuniam a me legauerit: multo magis, si in priore testamento fideicommissum sit.
But if, when you owed me Stichus under the testament of Titius, Sempronius bequeathed the same slave to me from you as heir and entrusted to my good faith to restore him to someone else, the legacy will be valid, because I am not going to keep him; the same rule of law will apply even if he bequeathed money from me; much more so if there was a trust in the prior testament.
item si in priore testamento Falcidiae locus sit, quod inde abscidit ratione Falcidiae, ex sequenti testamento consequar.
Likewise, if there is room for the Falcidian law in the prior testament, I will obtain from the subsequent testament whatever was deducted therefrom by reason of the Falcidian law.
§30.1.108.6Item si domino heres exstitero, qui non esset soluendo, cuius fundum tu mihi dare iussus esses, manebit tua obligatio, sicut maneret, si eum fundum emissem.
Likewise, if I become the heir to an insolvent owner whose land you had been ordered to give to me, your obligation will remain, just as it would remain if I had bought that land.
§30.1.108.7Si ita scriptum erit: 'amplius quam Titio legaui heres meus Seio decem dato', dubitandum non erit, quin et Titio suum legatum maneat et Seio nihil ultra decem debeatur: nam et usitatum fere est sic legare: 'Lucio Titio tot et hoc amplius uxori et liberis eius tot'. §30.1.108.8Si ei cui nihil legatum est cum hac adiectione 'hoc amplius' aliquid legetur, minime dubitandum est, quin id quod ita legauerit debeatur: multoque minus dubitandum, si ab eo qui nihil mihi debet ita stipulatus fuero: 'amplius quam mihi debes decem dare spondes'? quin decem debeantur.
If it is written thus: "In addition to what I bequeathed to Titius, let my heir give ten to Seius," there will be no doubt that Titius's own legacy remains and that nothing beyond ten is owed to Seius; for indeed it is common practice to bequeath in this way: "To Lucius Titius so much, and in addition to this, to his wife and children so much." If something is bequeathed to someone to whom nothing has been bequeathed with the addition "in addition to this," there is not the slightest doubt that what has been so bequeathed is owed; and there is much less doubt, if I have stipulated in this way from someone who owes me nothing: "Do you promise to give ten in addition to what you owe me?" that ten is owed.