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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §3.3.27.pr-3.3.27.1

Transfer of Suit from Procurator and Security Stipulation

Passage 510 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

The text discusses the conditions under which the transfer of a lawsuit from a procurator is permitted, as well as the activation of the security stipulation and the transfer of the resulting actions to the principal.

[ULPIANUS libro nono ad edictum. ] §3.3.27.prIn causae cognitione etiam hoc uersabitur, ut ita demum transferri a procuratore iudicium permittatur, si quis omnia iudicii ab eo transferre paratus sit.
[ULPIANUS, in the ninth book on the Edict.]\n\nIn the inquiry into the case, this also will be considered, that the transfer of the trial from a procurator is permitted only on condition that someone is prepared to transfer all the matters of the trial from him.
ceterum si uelit quaedam transferre, quaedam relinquere, iuste procurator hanc inconstantiam recusabit.
But if he wishes to transfer some and leave others, the procurator will justly refuse this inconsistency.
sed haec ita, si mandato domini procurator egit.
However, this is so only if the procurator acted under the mandate of the principal.
ceterum si mandatum non est, cum neque in iudicium quicquam deduxerit, nec tu ea comprobasti: quae inuito te acta sunt tibi non praeiudicant ideoque translatio earum litium non est tibi necessaria, ne alieno facto oneraris.
But on the other hand, if there is no mandate, since he has neither brought anything into court, nor have you ratified his actions, what was done against your will does not prejudice you, and therefore the transfer of those lawsuits is not necessary for you, lest you be burdened by the act of another.
haec autem cognitio procuratoris mutandi praetoris est. §3.3.27.1Si ex parte actoris litis translatio fiat, dicimus committi iudicatum solui stipulationem a reo factam, idque et Neratius probat et Iulianus et hoc iure utimur: scilicet si dominus satis accepit.
This inquiry concerning the changing of a procurator, moreover, belongs to the praetor.\n\nIf a transfer of the lawsuit takes place on the part of the plaintiff, we say that the stipulation 'that the judgment will be paid' made by the defendant is triggered, and this both Neratius and Julian approve, and we follow this rule: namely, if the principal received security.
sed et si procurator satis accepit et transferatur iudicium in dominum: uerius est committi et ex stipulatu actionem a procuratore in dominum transferri.
But even if the procurator received security and the trial is transferred to the principal, it is more correct that the stipulation is triggered and the action arising from the stipulation is transferred from the procurator to the principal.
sed et si a domino uel a procuratore in procuratorem iudicium transferatur, non dubitat Marcellus, quin committatur stipulatio.
But even if the trial is transferred from the principal or from a procurator to a procurator, Marcellus does not doubt that the stipulation is triggered.
et haec uera sunt.
And these things are true.
et licet procuratori commissa sit stipulatio, tamen domino erit danda utilis ex stipulatu actio, directa penitus tollenda.
And although the stipulation is triggered in favor of the procurator, nevertheless an equitable action based on the stipulation must be given to the principal, the direct action being completely removed.

Notes

  1. §3.3.27.prprocuratoris mutandi praetoris est — procuratoris mutandi is a gerundive construction in the genitive, modifying cognitio. praetoris is a predicative genitive of possession, meaning 'belongs to the jurisdiction/office of the praetor.'
  2. §3.3.27.1committi — The verb committere, when used in connection with a stipulation (stipulatio) or a security clause, means that the condition is fulfilled so that the promised obligation or liability is triggered, forfeited, or becomes enforceable.
  3. §3.3.27.1utilis ex stipulatu actio, directa penitus tollenda — It expresses an obligation using the gerundive tollenda (with est omitted), stating that the direct action (directa actio) originally belonging to the procurator who was party to the contract must be completely extinguished, and instead, an equitable action (utilis actio) by the praetor's authority should be granted to the principal.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §3.3.27.pr-3.3.27.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:3.3.27.pr-3.3.27.1

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