Humanitext Reader

Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §29.5.14.pr

Punishment of Impuberal Slaves Complicit in Murder

Passage 4560 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Introduces the judicial precedent of the legate Trebius Germanus, who ruled that while impuberal slaves are generally exempt from the Senatus Consultum Silanianum, they should not be spared if they actively participated in the murder and were old enough to comprehend the deed.

[MAECIANUS libro undecimo de publicis iudiciis. ] §29.5.14.prExcipiuntur senatus consulto Silaniano impuberes serui.
[MAECIANUS, in the eleventh book On Public Trials.] Under the Silanian senatus consultum, impuberal slaves are exempted.
Trebius autem Germanus legatus etiam de impubere sumi iussit supplicium et tamen non sine ratione: nam is puer nec multum a puberi aetate aberat et ad pedes domini cubuerat cum occideretur nec postea caedem eius prodiderat.
However, Trebius Germanus, the legate, ordered the death penalty to be inflicted even on an impuberal slave, and yet not without reason: for that boy was not far from puberal age and had lain at his master's feet when he was killed, nor had he afterwards revealed his murder.
ut enim opem ferre eum non potuisse constabat, ita silentium praestitisse etiam postea certum erat, et his dumtaxat impuberibus senatus consulto parci credebat, qui tantum sub eodem tecto fuissent: qui uero ministri uel participes caedis fuissent et eius aetatis, quamquam nondum puberis, ut rei intellectum capere possent, his non magis in caede domini quam in ulla alia causa parci oportere.
For just as it was clear that he could not have brought assistance, so it was certain that he had maintained silence even afterwards, and he [Trebius] believed that those impuberal slaves only were to be spared by the senatus consultum who had merely been under the same roof; whereas those who had been ministers or accomplices in the murder, and were of such an age that, although not yet puberal, they could understand the nature of the deed, ought not to be spared in the case of a master's murder any more than in any other case.

Notes

  1. 29.5.14.primpuberibus senatus consulto parci — The word 'parci' is the present passive infinitive of the intransitive verb 'parcere' (to spare), which governs the dative case. It is used impersonally here with the dative 'impuberibus', meaning 'that impuberal slaves should be spared', and forms part of the indirect discourse depending on 'credebat'.
  2. 29.5.14.preius aetatis ... ut rei intellectum capere possent — The phrase 'eius aetatis' is a genitive of quality describing the character of the omitted subject of the relative clause. It is followed by the correlative result clause 'ut... possent' (introduced by 'eius'), meaning 'of such an age that they could understand the nature of the deed'.
  3. 29.5.14.prnon magis in caede domini quam in ulla alia causa parci oportere — The comparative construction 'non magis ... quam ...' expresses an equal negation, meaning 'not any more in ... than in ...'. It implies that they ought not to be spared in the case of a master's murder just as they would not be spared in any other criminal case. 'Oportere' serves as the main verb of the accusative-and-infinitive clause depending on 'credebat'.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §29.5.14.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:29.5.14.pr

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.