[IDEM libro singulari quaestionum publice tractatarum. ] §28.6.48.prSeruum communem habemus: hic heres scriptus est et, si heres non sit, Maeuius illi substitutus est: alterius iussu dominorum adiit hereditatem, alterius non: quaeritur, an substituto locus sit an non.
[THE SAME, from his single book of Questions Publicly Discussed.] We have a common slave: he was instituted as heir and, if he should not be heir, Maevius was substituted for him: by the command of one of his masters he entered upon the inheritance, by the command of the other he did not: it is asked whether there is a place for the substitute or not.
et uerius est substituto locum esse.
And it is more correct that there is a place for the substitute.
' §28.6.48.1Titius heres esto.
"Titius shall be heir.
Stichum Maeuio do lego: Stichus heres esto.
I give and bequeath Stichus to Maevius: Stichus shall be heir.
si Stichus heres non erit, Stichus liber heresque esto'. in hac quaestione in primis quaerendum est, utrum unus gradus sit an duo, et an causa mutata sit substitutionis an eadem permaneat.
If Stichus shall not be heir, Stichus shall be free and heir." In this question, we must ask first of all whether there is one degree or two, and whether the condition of the substitution has changed or remains the same.
et quidem in plerisque quaeritur, an ipse sibi substitui possit, et respondetur causa institutionis mutata substitui posse.
Indeed, in many cases, it is asked whether one can be substituted for oneself, and the answer is that one can be substituted if the condition of the institution is changed.
igitur si Titius heres scriptus sit et, si heres non sit, idem heres iussus sit, substitutio nullius momenti erit.
Therefore, if Titius has been instituted as heir, and if he should not be heir, the same person is commanded to be heir, the substitution will be of no effect.
sed si sub condicione quis heres scriptus sit, pure autem substitutus est, causa immutatur, quoniam potest ex institutione defici condicio et substitutio aliquid adferre: sed si exstiterit condicio, duae purae sunt et ideo nullius momenti erit substitutio.
But if anyone is instituted as heir under a condition, and substituted unconditionally, the condition is changed, since the condition of the institution can fail and the substitution can bring something; but if the condition has been fulfilled, both are unconditional, and therefore the substitution will be of no effect.
contra si pure quis instituatur, deinde sub condicione sibi substituatur, nihil facit substitutio condicionalis nec mutata intellegatur, quippe cum et si exstiterit condicio, duae purae sunt institutiones.
On the other hand, if anyone is instituted unconditionally, and then substituted for himself under a condition, the conditional substitution does nothing, nor is it understood as changed, since even if the condition is fulfilled, both are unconditional institutions.
secundum haec proposita quaestio manifestetur: 'Titius heres esto.
According to these things, the proposed question is made clear: "Titius shall be heir.
Stichum Maeuio do lego: Stichus heres esto.
I give and bequeath Stichus to Maevius: Stichus shall be heir.
si Stichus heres non erit, Stichus liber heresque esto'. nos didicimus, quoniam eodem testamento et legatus sit Stichus et libertatem accepit, praeualere libertatem et, si praeualet libertas, non deberi legatum et ideo iussu legatarii non posse adire hereditatem, ac per hoc uerum esse Stichum heredem non esse et ex sequentibus uerbis libertatem illi competere: cum unus gradus uidetur.
If Stichus shall not be heir, Stichus shall be free and heir." We have learned that, since in the same testament Stichus is both bequeathed and has received freedom, freedom prevails, and if freedom prevails, the legacy is not due, and therefore he cannot enter upon the inheritance by command of the legatee; and through this, it is true that Stichus is not heir and that freedom belongs to him from the subsequent words: since one degree is seen.
quid ergo, si non adierit Titius? incipiet substitutione Stichus liber et heres esse.
What then if Titius has not entered? Stichus will begin to be free and heir by substitution.
porro quamdiu non adit iussu legatarii, nec ex causa legati intellegitur legatarii esse effectus, et ideo certum est illum heredem non esse, ac per hoc ex his uerbis: 'si heres non erit, Stichus liber heresque esto', liber et heres existet.
Furthermore, as long as he does not enter by the command of the legatee, he is not understood to have become the property of the legatee by reason of the legacy, and therefore it is certain that he is not heir, and through this, from these words: "if he shall not be heir, Stichus shall be free and heir," he will exist as free and heir.
hoc autem, quod sentimus, Iulianus quoque in libris suis probat.
Moreover, this which we think, Julian also approves in his books.
§28.6.48.2Si pupillus substitutum sibi seruum alienauerit eumque emptor liberum heredemque instituerit, numquid iste in substitutione habeat substitutum uniuersum? ut, si quidem pupillus ad pubertatem peruenerit, necessarius ex testamento emptoris heres exstitit, sin uero intra pubertatem decesserit, ex substitutione quidem liber et heres sit et necessarius patri pupilli, emptori autem uoluntarius heres exstitit.
If a pupil should alienate a slave substituted for himself, and the buyer should institute him as free and heir, would that slave have a universal substitute in the substitution? So that, if indeed the pupil should reach the age of puberty, he exists as a necessary heir under the testament of the buyer; but if he should die within the age of puberty, he indeed becomes free and heir by the substitution and a necessary heir to the father of the pupil, but exists as a voluntary heir to the buyer.