[ULPIANUS libro quarto ad Sabinum. ] §28.6.10.prSed si plures sint ita substituti: 'quisquis mihi ex supra scriptis heres erit', deinde quidam ex illis, posteaquam heredes exstiterint patri, obierunt, soli superstites ex substitutione heredes existent pro rata partium, ex quibus instituti sint, nec quicquam ualebit ex persona defunctorum.
[ULPIANUS, Book 4 on Sabinus.] But if several persons are so substituted: "whoever of those written above shall be my heir", and then some of them, after they have become heirs to the father, die, only the survivors will become heirs under the substitution in proportion to the shares in which they were instituted, and nothing will have effect from the person of the deceased.
§28.6.10.1Quos possum heredes mihi facere necessarios, possum et filio, ut seruum meum et fratrem suum, quamuis in rebus humanis nondum sit: postumus igitur erit fratri heres necessarius.
Those whom I can make my necessary heirs, I can also make necessary heirs for my son, such as my slave who is also his brother, even though he is not yet among human affairs; therefore, a posthumous child will be a necessary heir to his brother.
§28.6.10.2Filio impuberi heredi ex asse instituto substitutus quis est: exstitit patri filius heres: an possit substitutus separare hereditates, ut filii habeat, patris non habeat? non potest, sed aut utriusque debet hereditatem habere aut neutrius: iuncta enim hereditas coepit esse.
A person was substituted to an impuber son instituted heir to the whole estate: the son became heir to the father: can the substitute separate the inheritances, so as to have the son's but not the father's? He cannot, but he must either have the inheritance of both or of neither; for the inheritance has begun to be joined.
§28.6.10.3Idemque est, si pater me heredem scripserit ex parte et filium ex parte et ego patris hereditatem repudiauero: nam neque filii hereditatem habere possum.
The same is true if the father wrote me as heir to a part and his son to a part, and I have repudiated the father's inheritance; for I cannot have the son's inheritance either.
§28.6.10.4Si ex asse heres institutus, filio exheredato substitutus repudiauerit patris hereditatem, cum non haberet substitutum, non poterit filii adire: nec enim ualet filii testamentum, nisi patris fuerit adita hereditas: nec enim sufficit ad secundarum tabularum uim sic esse factum testamentum, ut ex eo adiri hereditas possit.
If one instituted heir to the whole estate, being substituted to a disinherited son, has repudiated the father's inheritance, since he had no substitute, he will not be able to enter upon the son's inheritance; for the son's testament is not valid unless the father's inheritance has been entered upon; nor does it suffice for the force of the second tablets that the testament was made in such a way that the inheritance could be entered upon from it.
§28.6.10.5Ad substitutos pupillares pertinent et si quae postea pupillis obuenerint: neque enim suis bonis testator substituit, sed impuberis, cum et exheredato substituere quis possit: nisi mihi proponas militem esse, qui substituit heredem hac mente, ut ea sola uelit ad substitutum pertinere, quae a se ad institutum peruenerunt.
To pupillary substitutes belong also whatever things subsequently accrue to the pupils; for the testator does not substitute for his own property, but for that of the impuber, since one can substitute even for a disinherited child; unless you propose to me the case of a soldier who substituted an heir with this mind, that he wished only those things to belong to the substitute which came from himself to the institute.
§28.6.10.6In adrogato quoque impubere dicimus ad substitutum eius ab adrogatore datum non debere pertinere ea, quae haberet, si adrogatus non esset, sed ea sola, quae ipse ei dedit adrogator: nisi forte distinguimus, ut quartam quidem, quam omnimodo ex rescripto diui Pii debuit ei relinquere, substitutus habere non possit, superfluum habeat.
In the case of an arrogated impuber also, we say that to his substitute given by the arrogator there ought not to belong those things which he would have had if he had not been arrogated, but only those which the arrogator himself gave to him; unless perhaps we make a distinction, so that the substitute cannot have the fourth part which the arrogator was by all means bound to leave to him under the rescript of the divine Pius, but he may have the surplus.
Scaeuola tamen libro decimo quaestionum putat uel hoc adrogatori permittendum, quae sententia habet rationem.
Scaevola, however, in the tenth book of Questions, thinks that even this should be permitted to the arrogator, which opinion is reasonable.
ego etiam amplius puto et si quid beneficio adrogatoris adquisiit, et haec substitutum posse habere, ut puta adrogatoris amicus uel cognatus ei aliquid reliquit.
I think even more: if he acquired anything by the benefit of the arrogator, the substitute can have these things also, as for instance if a friend or relative of the arrogator left him something.
§28.6.10.7Nemo institutus et sibi substitutus sine causae mutatione quicquam proficit, sed hoc in uno gradu: ceterum si duo sint gradus, potest dici ualere substitutionem, ut Iulianus libro trigesimo digestorum putat: si quidem sic sit substitutus sibi, cum haberet coheredem Titium: 'si Stichus heres non erit, liber et heres esto', non ualere substitutionem: quod si ita: 'si Titius heres non erit, tunc Stichus liber et heres et in eius partem esto', duos gradus esse atque ideo repudiante Titio Stichum liberum et heredem fore.
No one instituted and substituted to himself without a change of status benefits at all, but this is in one grade; on the other hand, if there are two grades, it can be said that the substitution is valid, as Julian thinks in the thirtieth book of the Digests: indeed, if he is substituted to himself in this way, when he has Titius as a co-heir: "if Stichus shall not be heir, let him be free and heir", the substitution is not valid; but if in this way: "if Titius shall not be heir, then let Stichus be free and heir and succeed to his share", there are two grades and therefore, if Titius repudiates, Stichus will be free and heir.