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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §28.5.17.pr-28.5.17.5

Shares of Unassigned Heirs and the Scope of Accrual

Passage 4196 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Ulpian discusses the share assigned to heirs appointed without a specific portion, the scope of the right of accrual when one of them repudiates, and the status of those appointed after the entire estate (as) is exhausted, referencing the opinions of Labeo, Servius, and Celsus.

[ULPIANUS libro septimo ad Sabinum. ] §28.5.17.prItem quod Sabinus ait, si cui pars adposita non est, excutiamus. duos ex quadrantibus heredes scripsit, tertium sine parte: quod assi deest, feret: hoc et Labeo.
[ULPIANUS libro septimo ad Sabinum.] Likewise, let us examine what Sabinus says: "if no share has been assigned to someone." If a testator appointed two heirs for a quadrans each, and a third without a share, the third will take what is missing from the as; Labeo also holds this.
§28.5.17.1Unde idem tractat, si duos ex undecim, duos sine parte scripsit, mox unus ex his, qui sine parte fuerunt, repudiauerit, utrum omnibus semuncia an ad solum sine parte scriptum pertineat: et uariat.
From this, the same author discusses: if he appointed two heirs from eleven unciae, and two without a share, and then one of those who were without a share repudiated the inheritance, whether the semuncia accrues to everyone or belongs only to the remaining one appointed without a share; and he hesitates.
sed Seruius omnibus adcrescere ait, quam sententiam ueriorem puto: nam quantum ad ius adcrescendi non sunt coniuncti, qui sine parte instituuntur: quod et Celsus libro sexto decimo digestorum probat.
But Servius says that it accrues to all, which opinion I think is more correct; for as far as the right of accrual is concerned, those who are appointed without a share are not conjoined; and Celsus also approves of this in the sixteenth book of the Digests.
§28.5.17.2Idemque putat et si expleto asse duos sine parte heredes scripserit, neque hos neque illos coniunctos.
And he also thinks that even if, after the as is exhausted, he appointed two heirs without a share, neither these nor those are conjoined.
§28.5.17.3Sed si asse expleto alium sine parte heredem scripserit, in alium assem ueniet.
But if, after the as is exhausted, he appointed another heir without a share, that person will come into another as.
aliter atque si ita scripsisset expleto asse: 'ex reliqua parte heres esto', quoniam, cum nihil reliquum est, ex nulla parte heres institutus est.
It is otherwise if he had written thus after the as was exhausted: "let him be heir to the remaining part," because, since nothing is remaining, he is appointed heir to no part.
§28.5.17.4Sed si expleto asse duo sine partibus scribantur, utrum in singulos asses isti duo an in unum assem coniungantur, quaeritur.
But if, after the as is exhausted, two persons are appointed without shares, it is asked whether these two come into individual asses or are conjoined in one as.
et putat Labeo, et uerius est, in unum assem uenire: nam et si unus sine parte, duo coniunctim sine parte instituantur, non tres trientes fieri Celsus libro sexto decimo scripsit, sed duos semisses.
And Labeo thinks, and it is more correct, that they come into one as; for Celsus wrote in his sixteenth book that if one is appointed without a share, and two are appointed jointly without a share, there do not arise three trientes, but two semisses.
§28.5.17.5Quod si quis dupundium distribuit et tertium sine parte instituit, hic non in alium assem, sed in trientem uenit, ut Labeo quarto posteriorum scripsit, nec Aristo uel Aulus (utpote probabile) notant.
But if someone distributed a dupundius and appointed a third without a share, this person comes not into another as, but into a triens, as Labeo wrote in the fourth book of his Posteriores, and neither Aristo nor Aulus (as is probable) make any contrary note.

Notes

  1. §28.5.17.1ex undecim — Ellipsis of the feminine plural noun unciis (or a similar word). It refers to appointing heirs to a share of eleven-twelfths (eleven unciae) under the Roman system of dividing an inheritance (as = twelve unciae).
  2. §28.5.17.1quantum ad ius adcrescendi — A prepositional phrase expressing relation or limitation, meaning "as far as concerns the right of accrual (ius adcrescendi)."
  3. §28.5.17.3aliter atque si — An idiomatic expression with the comparative conjunction atque ("than" or "as") and the conditional clause si ("if"), meaning "otherwise than if..." or "it is different from the case where..."
  4. §28.5.17.4non tres trientes fieri... sed duos semisses — An accusative with infinitive (A.C.I.) construction depending on the main verb scripsit ("wrote"). The noun phrases tres trientes and duos semisses are the subject accusatives, and fieri is the infinitive.
  5. §28.5.17.5utpote probabile — A parenthetical phrase combining utpote with the neuter adjective probabile, meaning "as is probable" or "as might be expected."

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §28.5.17.pr-28.5.17.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:28.5.17.pr-28.5.17.5

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