[MODESTINUS libro tertio excusationum. ] §27.1.8.prΟἱ πάλαι στρατιῶται οἱ ἐπιτίμως πληρώσαντες τὸν τῆς στρατείας χρόνον ἄφεσιν ἔχουσιν ἐπιτροπῶν πρὸς πάντας τοὺς ἰδιώτας.
[MODESTINUS in his third book on excuses.] Veterans who have honorably completed their term of service have an excuse from tutelages against all private individuals.
πρὸς δὲ τοὺς παῖδας τῶν τῆς αὐτῆς τάξεως κεκοινωνηκότων ἢ πάντων πάλαι στρατιωτῶν ἐντὸς μὲν ἐνιαυτοῦ τοῦ ἀποστρατεύσασθαι ἄφεσιν ἔχουσιν, μετὰ δὲ ἐνιαυτὸν οὐκέτι.
But against the children of those who shared the same rank, or of all veterans, they have an excuse within one year of their discharge, but after a year, no longer.
τὸ γὰρ ἰσότιμον τῆς στρατείας ἰσχυρότερον ἐνομίσθη τῆς τῶν πάλαι στρατιωτῶν προνομίας, ἐὰν μὴ ἄρα ἄλλας ἔχωσιν δίκαια πρὸς παραίτησιν ἐπιτροπῆς, οἷον ἀριθμὸν ἐτῶν ἢ τι τοιοῦτο, ὁποῖον καὶ τοῖς ἰδιώταις πρὸς ἅπαντας συναίρεσθαι εἴωθεν.
For the equal status of service was deemed stronger than the privilege of veterans, unless of course they have other grounds for refusal of tutelage, such as the number of years or something of the sort, which is also customary to assist private individuals against everyone.
ταῦτα δὲ περὶ υἱῶν, οὐχὶ περὶ ἐκγόνων τῶν πάλαι στρατιωτῶν· οἱ γὰρ ἔκγονοι τῶν πάλαι σρατιωτῶν ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ χώρᾳ τῶν λοιπῶν ἰδιωτῶν εἶναι πιστευθήσονται.
This applies to sons, not to grandsons of veterans; for the grandsons of veterans will be considered to be in the same position as other private individuals.
§27.1.8.1Οἱ μέντοι ἀτίμως ἀποστρατευσάμενοι ὅμοιοι τοῖς μηδὲ στρατευσαμένοις νομίζονται, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο οὔτε αὐτοὶ ἔχουσιν προνομίαν οὔτε τοῖς τούτων παισὶν πάλαι στρατιῶται ἐπίτροποι δοθέντες κατασχεθήσονται.
However, those who have been dishonorably discharged are considered equivalent to those who have not even served, and for this reason, they themselves do not have any privilege, nor will veterans assigned as tutors to their children be held bound.
§27.1.8.2Ἔσθ᾽ ὅτε δὲ οὐ πληροῦσί τινες τὸν τῆς στρατείας χρόνον καὶ ὅμως ἔχουσιν ἄφεσιν ἐπιτροπῶν κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ τοῖς πληρώσασιν· ὁ γὰρ εἰκοστὸν ἔτος τῆς στρατείας ὑπερβὰς ὅμοιος εἶναι πιστεύεται τῷ πληρώσαντι τὸν τῆς στρατείας χρόνον.
Sometimes, some do not complete their term of service and yet have an excuse from tutelages in the same manner as those who have completed it; for one who has exceeded his twentieth year of service is considered equivalent to one who has completed his term of service.
§27.1.8.3Ὁ δὲ ἐντὸς τούτων τῶν ἐτῶν ἀφεθεὶς οὐκ ἔχει διηνεκῆ τὴν ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐπιτροπαῖς ἀλειτουργησίαν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς χρόνον, ὥσπερ καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν πολιτικῶν λειτουργιῶν ἄφεσιν ἔχει.
But one discharged within these years does not have a permanent exemption from tutelages, but for a period, just as he also has an excuse from other civic duties.
ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἐντὸς πέντε ἐτῶν τῆς στρατείας ἀπολυθεὶς οὐδεμίαν ἑαυτῷ ἐκδικήσει ἀλειτουργησίαν, ὁ δὲ μετὰ πέντε ἑνὸς ἐνιαυτοῦ ἔχει ἀλειτουργησίαν, ὁ δὲ μετὰ ὀκτὼ διετίας, ὁ δὲ μετὰ δώδεκα τριετίας, ὁ δὲ μετὰ δεκαὲξ τετραετείας, ὁ δὲ μετὰ εἴκοσιν, ὡς προείπομεν, διηνεκῶς ἀπολυθήσεται.
For one discharged within five years of service will claim no exemption for himself, while one after five years has an exemption of one year, one after eight years, of two years, one after twelve years, of three years, one after sixteen years, of four years, and one after twenty years, as we have said before, will be exempted permanently.
§27.1.8.4Ὁ δὲ ἐν τοῖς νυκτοφύλαξιν τοῖς ἐν Ῥώμῃ στρατευσάμενος ἐνιαυτοῦ μόνου ἔχει ἄφεσιν.
One who has served in the night watch in Rome has an excuse of one year only.
§27.1.8.5Οὗτοι δὲ δηλαδὴ ἐὰν ἐντίμως ἀπολυθῶσιν, ὥσπερ προείρηται, ἢ διὰ νόσον καλουμένην καυσαρίαν ἄφεσιν λάβωσιν (ἔστιν γὰρ καὶ αὐτὴ ἔντιμος)· ὁ γὰρ ἀτίμου τυχὼν ἀφέσεως οὐκ ἔχει ἀνάπαυσιν.
These benefits, of course, apply if they are discharged honorably, as has been said before, or if they receive an excuse due to the illness called "causaria" (for this too is honorable); for one who has received a dishonorable discharge has no relief.
Συνβετερανὸς §27.1.8.6δὲ εἶναι πιστεύεται οὐ μόνον ὁ λεγεωνάριος, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶς παντὸς τοῦ ὁποιοῦν στρατευσάμενου, ἐπιτίμως δὲ καὶ αὐτοῦ ἀπολυθέντος· καὶ γὰρ λεγεωνάριος τοῦ ἐν τοῖς νυκτοφύλαξιν στρατευσαμένου παίδων ἐπίτροπος γίνεται.
A fellow veteran is considered to be not only a legionary, but also anyone who has served in any unit whatsoever, provided that he himself was also honorably discharged; for indeed a legionary can become a tutor to the children of one who has served in the night watch.
§27.1.8.7Ἤδη δὲ καὶ στρατιώτου ἀφήλικος κουράτωρ δοθήσεται ὁ πάλαι στρατιώτης, δηλαδὴ ἐὰν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἀποθάνῃ· ἐὰν δὲ καὶ οὗτοι ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἀπολυθῶσιν, ὁμοίως.
Furthermore, a veteran will also be appointed as a curator for a minor soldier, that is, if his father has died; and likewise if they also have been discharged from service.
§27.1.8.8Καὶ τούτοις ἅπασιν διατάξεις μαρτυροῦσιν.
And constitutions bear witness to all of this.
§27.1.8.9Γράφει δὲ καὶ Οὐλπιανὸς οὕτως· Sed ignominia missi ab urbicis plane tutelis excusabuntur, quia ingredi eis urbem non licet.
Ulpian also writes as follows: "But those who are discharged with ignominy will indeed be excused from urban tutelages, because they are not allowed to enter the city.
plane si quis in cohortibus urbanis permilitauit, licet ante uiginti annos mittitur, tamen perpetuam habet a tutelis excusationem. §27.1.8.10Ἐζητήθη δὲ πότερον μίαν καὶ ἅπαξ ἐπιτροπὴν ἀναδέχονται οἱ πάλαι στρατιῶται, ἢ ἐνὶ καιρῷ οὐ πλέον τοῦ ἅπαξ, παυομένης δὲ τῆς πρώτης ἐπιτροπῆς πάλιν ἀναλήψονται.
Clearly, if anyone has completed his military service in the urban cohorts, even though he is discharged before twenty years, he nevertheless has a permanent excuse from tutelages." It has been questioned whether veterans undertake one tutelage only once in their lifetime, or no more than one at a time, so that when the first tutelage ends, they will undertake another.
ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τῶν ἰδιωτῶν αἱ παυσάμεναι οὐ βοηθἠσουσιν τοῖς ἐσχηκόσι οὐδὲ εἰς τὰς τρεῖς ψηφίζονται, οὕτως καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν πάλαι στρατιωτῶν οὐκ ὠφελεῖ τὸ γεγενῆσθαι.
But just as for private individuals, tutelages that have ended do not help those who held them, nor are they counted toward the three, so too for veterans, having held a tutelage is of no benefit.
τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν κουρατοριῶν ἐστὶν νενομοθετημένον, ὡς δηλοῖ θεία διάταξις Σεβήρου καὶ Ἀντωνίνου.
And this has also been legislated with respect to curatorships, as is shown by a imperial constitution of Severus and Antoninus.
§27.1.8.11Καὶ οὐδὲν διαφέρει, πῶς δεήσονται οἱ παῖδες τοῦ συνστρατιώτου ἐπιτρόπου ἢ κουράτορος, πότερον ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἀπολυθέντες ἢ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀποθανόντος.
And it makes no difference how the children of a fellow soldier will stand in need of a tutor or curator, whether because they were emancipated or because of their father's death.
§27.1.8.12Πριμιπιλάριοι ἐκ διατάξεων βασιλικῶν παραίτησιν ἔχουσιν τῶν λοιπῶν ἐπιτροπῶν, πριμιπιλαρίου δὲ υἱῶν ἐπιτροπεύουσιν.
Primipilarii, by imperial constitutions, have an excuse from other tutelages, but they do undertake the tutelage of the sons of a primipilarius.
πριμιπιλάριοι δὲ οὗτοι νομίζονται οἱ διανύσαντες τὸ πριμιπίλον ἐὰν δὲ μὴ διανύσας ἀποθάνῃ, τούτου τῶν παίδων πριμιπιλάριος οὐκ ἐπιτροπεύει.
And those are considered primipilarii who have completed the primipilate; but if one dies without completing it, a primipilarius does not undertake the tutelage of his children.