[MODESTINUS libro secundo excusationum. ] §27.1.6.prἘὰν δύο ἔχοντι ἐπιτροπὰς ἄλλαι δύο ὁμοῦ ἐπαχθῶσιν, ἡ τῇ τάξει τρίτη βοηθήσει αὐτῷ εἰς τὴν ἄφεσιν τῆς τετάρτης, κἂν αὐτοκράτωρ ᾖ ὁ τὴν τετάρτην ἐγχειρίσας, ἢ τὴν τρίτην, πρὶν μέντοι γνῶναι τὰ τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος φθάσῃ προβληθεὶς εἰς ἄλλην.
[MODESTINUS from his second book on Excuses.] If two other guardianships are imposed at the same time on someone who already holds two, the third in order will assist him towards the excuse from the fourth, even if it was the emperor who entrusted the fourth, or the third, provided, however, that before knowing the emperor's decision, he has already been appointed to another.
ἐὰν δὲ ἡ τάξις μὴ φαίνηται, ἀλλὰ ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ αἱ δύο χειροτονίαι προτεθῶσιν ἐν διαφόροις χάρταις, οὐχ ὁ χειροτονηθείς, ἀλλὰ ὁ χειροτονήσας ἐπιλέξεται, ὁποίαν δεῖ αὐτὸν ὑποδέξασθαι.
But if the order is not clear, and the two appointments are presented on the same day in different documents, it is not the person appointed, but the one who made the appointment, who shall choose which one he must accept.
§27.1.6.1Γραμματικοί, σοφισταὶ ῥήτορες, ἰατροὶ οἱ περιοδευταὶ καλούμενοι ὥσπερ τῶν λοιπῶν λειτουργιῶν οὕτως δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ ἐπιτροπῆς καὶ κουρατορίας ἀνάπαυσιν ἔχουσιν.
Grammarians, sophists, rhetoricians, and the so-called touring physicians have exemption from guardianship and curatorship just as they do from other public duties.
§27.1.6.2Ἔστιν δὲ καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς ῥητόρων ἐν ἑκάστῃ πόλει τῶν τὴν ἀλειτουργησίαν ἐχόντων, καὶ αἱρέσεις τινὲς προσκείμεναι τῷ νόμῳ, ὅπερ δηλοῦται ἐξ ἐπιστολῆς Ἀντωνίνου τοῦ Εὐσεβοῦς γραφείσης μὲν τῷν κοινῷ τῆς Ἀσίας, παντὶ δὲ τῷ κόσμῳ διαφερούσης, ἧς ἐστὶν τὸ κεφάλαιον τοῦτο ὑποτεταγμένον· Αἱ μὲν ἐλάττους πόλεις δύνανται πέντε ἰατροὺς ἀτελεῖς ἔχειν καὶ τρεῖς σοφιστὰς καὶ γραμματικούς τοὺς ἴσους· αἱ δὲ μείζους πόλεις ἑπτὰ τοὺς θεραπεύοντας, τέσσαρας τοὺς παιδεύοντας ἑκατέραν παιδείαν· αἱ δὲ μέγισται πόλεις δέκα ἰατροὺς καὶ ῥήτορας πέντε καὶ γραμματικοὺς τοὺς ἴσους.
There is also a limit to the number of rhetoricians in each city who have exemption, and certain conditions attached to the law, which is made clear from a letter of Antoninus Pius written to the league of Asia, but applying to the whole world, the main summary of which is appended below: Smaller cities can have five immune physicians, three sophists, and an equal number of grammarians; medium cities can have seven healers, and four who teach each of the two branches of learning; the largest cities can have ten physicians, five rhetoricians, and an equal number of grammarians.
ὑπὲρ δὲ τοῦτον τὸν ἀριθμὸν οὐδὲ ἡ μεγίστη πόλις τὴν ἀτέλειαν παρέξει.
Beyond this number, not even the largest city shall grant immunity.
εἰκὸς δὲ τῷ μὲν μεγίστῳ ἀριθμῷ χρήσασθαι τὰς μητροπόλεις τῶν ἐθνῶν, τῷ δὲ δευτέρῳ τὰς ἐχούσας ἀγορὰς δικῶν, τῷ δὲ τρίτῳ τὰς λοιπάς.
It is fitting that the mother-cities of the provinces use the largest number, those holding court assemblies use the second, and the remaining cities use the third.
Τοῦτον τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὑπερβαίνειν §27.1.6.3μὲν οὐκ ἔξεστιν οὔτε ψηφίσματι βουλῆς οὔτε ἄλλῃ τινὶ παρεγρέσει, ἐλαττοῦν δὲ ἔξεστιν, ἐπειδήπερ ὑπὲρ τῶν πολιτικῶν λειτουργιῶν φαίνεται τὸ τοιοῦτο γινόμενον.
To exceed this number is not permitted, whether by a decree of the city council or by any other exceptional evasion, but to decrease it is permitted, since such a thing appears to be done for the sake of the public duties of the city.
§27.1.6.4Καὶ μέντοι οὐκ ἄλλως τὴν ἀλειτουργησίαν ταύτην καρπώσονται, ἐὰν μὴ δόγματι βουλῆς ἐνκαταλεγῶσιν τῷ ἀριθμῷ τῷ συγκεχωρημένῳ καὶ περὶ τὸ ἔργον ὀλιγώρως μὴ ἔχωσιν.
Moreover, they shall not otherwise enjoy this exemption unless they are registered by a decree of the city council within the allowed number and do not neglect their work.
Καὶ φιλοσόφους δὲ ἀπολελύεσθαι §27.1.6.5ἐπιτροπῶν Παῦλος γράφει οὕτως· Philosophi oratores grammatici, qui publice iuuenibus prosunt, excusantur a tutelis. §27.1.6.6Nam et Ulpianus libro quarto de officio proconsulis ita scribit: Sed et reprobari medicum posse a republica, quamuis semel probatus sit, imperator noster cum patre Laelio Basso rescripsit. §27.1.6.7Περὶ δὲ τῶν φιλοσόφων ἡ αὐτὴ διάταξις τοῦ Πίου οὕτω λέγει· Φιλοσόφων δὲ οὐκ ἐτάχθη ἀριθμὸς διὰ τὸ σπανίους εἶναι τοὺς φιλοσοφοῦντας· οἶμαι δὲ ὅτι οἱ πλούτῳ ὑπερβάλλοντες ἐθελονταὶ παρέξουσιν τὰς ἀπὸ τῶν χρημάτων ὠφελείας ταῖς πατρίσιν· εἰ δὲ ἀκριβολογοῖντο περὶ τὰς οὐσίας, αὐτόθεν ἤδη φανεροὶ γενήσονται μὴ φιλοσοφοῦντες.
And that philosophers are also released from guardianships Paul writes as follows: "Philosophers, rhetoricians, and grammarians, who publicly benefit young men, are excused from guardianships." For Ulpian also writes as follows in the fourth book of his work on the Office of the Proconsul: "But even a physician can be rejected by the city, although he has once been approved, as our Emperor, along with his father, replied in a rescript to Laelius Bassus." Regarding philosophers, the same constitution of Pius says as follows: "No number has been set for philosophers, because those who practice philosophy are rare; and I believe that those who excel in wealth will voluntarily provide financial benefits to their home cities; but if they should dispute too minutely about their property, they will immediately show themselves by that very fact not to be philosophers."