[IDEM libro trigesimo quinto ad edictum. ] §26.7.7.prTutor, qui repertorium non fecit, quod uulgo inuentarium appellatur, dolo fecisse uidetur, nisi forte aliqua necessaria et iustissima causa allegari possit, cur id factum non sit.
[The same, in the thirty-fifth book on the Edict.] A tutor who has not made an inventory (commonly called an "inventarium") is deemed to have acted with dolus, unless by chance some necessary and most just cause can be alleged as to why it was not made.
si quis igitur dolo inuentarium non fecerit, in ea condicione est, ut teneatur in id quod pupilli interest, quod ex iureiurando in litem aestimatur.
Therefore, if anyone has failed to make an inventory through dolus, he is in such a position that he is liable for the amount of the pupil's interest, which is assessed by an oath in court.
nihil itaque gerere ante inuentarium factum eum oportet, nisi id quod dilationem nec modicam exspectare possit.
Consequently, he ought to perform no administration before the inventory is made, except for that which cannot brook even a moderate delay.
§26.7.7.1Si tutor cessauerit in distractione earum rerum quae tempore depereunt, suum periculum facit: debuit enim confestim officio suo fungi.
If a tutor is negligent in the sale of those things which perish with time, he acts at his own risk; for he ought to have performed his duty immediately.
quid si contutores exspectabat uel differentes uel etiam uolentes se excusare, an ei ignoscatur? et non facile ignoscetur: debuit enim partibus suis fungi non quidem praecipiti festinatione, sed nec moratoria cunctatione.
What if he was waiting for his co-tutors, who were either delaying or even wishing to excuse themselves; should he be excused? And he will not easily be excused; for he ought to have performed his role, not indeed with headlong haste, but neither with dilatory hesitation.
§26.7.7.2Competet aduersus tutores tutelae actio, si male contraxerint, hoc est si praedia comparauerint non idonea per sordes aut gratiam.
An action of tutelage will lie against tutors if they have contracted badly, that is, if they have purchased unsuitable estates through self-interest or favor.
quid ergo si neque sordide neque gratiose, sed non bonam condicionem elegerint? recte quis dixerit solam latam neclegentiam eos praestare in hac parte debere.
What, then, if they chose a bad condition neither out of self-interest nor favor? One would rightly say that they ought to be liable only for gross negligence in this respect.
§26.7.7.3Si post depositionem pecuniae comparare praedia tutores neglexerunt, incipient in usuras conueniri: quamquam enim a praetore cogi eos oportet ad comparandum, tamen, si cessent, etiam usuris plectendi sunt tarditatis gratia, nisi si per eos factum non est quo minus compararent.
If, after the deposit of the money, the tutors have neglected to purchase estates, they will begin to be sued for interest; for although they ought to be compelled by the praetor to make the purchase, nevertheless, if they are negligent, they are also to be punished with interest on account of their slowness, unless it was not due to them that they did not purchase.
§26.7.7.4Pecuniae, quam in usus suos conuerterunt tutores, legitimas usuras praestant, sed hoc ita demum, si euidenter doceantur pecuniam in usus suos conuertisse: ceterum non utique qui non faenerauit uel non deposuit, in suos usus uertit, et ita diuus Seuerus decreuit.
Tutors pay statutory interest on money which they have converted to their own use, but this is only if they are clearly shown to have converted the money to their own use; for indeed, one who has not lent or has not deposited money has not necessarily converted it to his own use, and so the deified Severus decreed.
doceri igitur debet in usus suos pecuniam uertisse.
Therefore, it must be proved that he has converted the money to his own use.
§26.7.7.5Uertisse in suos usus non accipimus eum, qui debitor patris pupilli fuit, deinde ipse sibi non soluit: hic enim eas usuras praestabit, quas patri promiserat.
We do not understand one who was a debtor to the pupil's father, and then did not pay himself, to have converted the money to his own use; for he will pay those interest rates which he had promised to the father.
§26.7.7.6Si tutor pecuniam pupillarem suo nomine faenerauit, ita demum cogetur usuras quas percepit praestare, si suscipiat pupillus ceterorum nominum periculum.
If a tutor has lent the pupil's money in his own name, he will be compelled to pay the interest he received only if the pupil takes upon himself the risk of the other names.
§26.7.7.7Si deponi oporteat pecunias ad praediorum comparationem, si quidem factum est, usurae non current: sin uero factum non est, si quidem nec praeceptum est, ut deponantur, pupillares praestabuntur, si praeceptum est et neglectum, de modo usurarum uidendum est.
If money ought to be deposited for the purchase of estates, if indeed this has been done, interest will not run; but if indeed it has not been done, and if there was not even an order that it should be deposited, pupillary interest will be payable; if there was an order and it was neglected, we must look to the rate of interest.
et solent praetores comminari, ut, si non fiat depositio uel quanto tardius fiat, legitimae usurae praestentur: si igitur comminatio intercessit, iudex qui quandoque cognoscet, decretum praetoris sequetur.
And praetors are accustomed to threaten that if the deposit is not made, or by however much later it is made, statutory interest will be payable; therefore, if a threat has intervened, the judge who at any time takes cognisance of the matter will follow the decree of the praetor.
§26.7.7.8Idem solent facere praetores etiam circa eos tutores, qui negant habere ad alendos pupillos penes se aliquid, ut quidquid constiterit penes eos esse, eius grauissima usura pendatur: et hoc persequi oportere iudicem palam est cum et alia poenae adiectione.
Praetors are accustomed to do the same also in the case of those tutors who deny that they have anything in their possession for supporting the pupils, so that whatever is established to be in their possession, the heaviest interest on it shall be paid; and it is clear that the judge ought to pursue this along with the addition of some other penalty.
§26.7.7.9Residuarum autem summarum pupillares usuras pendi oportet.
However, pupillary interest must be paid on the remaining balances.
§26.7.7.10Quae autem sunt pupillares usurae, uidendum est.
Now, we must see what pupillary interest is.
et apparet hanc esse formam usurarum, ut eius quidem pecuniae, quam quis in usus suos conuertit, legitimam usuram praestet.
And it appears that this is the rule for interest, namely, that for money which anyone has converted to his own use, he should pay statutory interest.
sed et si negauit apud se esse pecuniam et praetor pronuntiauit contra eum, legitimas soluere debebit, uel si moram depositioni fecit et praetor irrogauit ei legitimas.
But also if he denied that money was in his possession, and the praetor ruled against him, he will have to pay statutory interest, or if he delayed the deposit and the praetor imposed statutory interest upon him.
sed et si, dum negat aliquam quantitatem penes se esse, pupillis ad onera sua expedienda imposuit necessitatem mutuam pecuniam legitimis usuris accipiendi, tenebitur in legitimas.
Moreover, if, while he was denying that some amount was in his possession, he imposed on the pupils the necessity of borrowing money at statutory interest to meet their expenses, he will be liable for statutory interest.
item si a debitoribus legitimas exegit.
Likewise if he collected statutory interest from debtors.
ex ceteris causis secundum morem prouinciae praestabit usuras aut quincunces aut trientes aut si quae aliae leuiores in prouincia frequentantur.
In other cases, according to the custom of the province, he will pay interest at either five percent or four percent, or at whatever other lighter rates are customary in the province.
§26.7.7.11Usurae a tutoribus non statim exiguntur, sed interiecto tempore ad exigendum et ad collocandum duum mensum, idque in iudicio tutelae seruari solet: quod spatium seu laxamentum temporis tribui non oportet his, qui nummos impuberum uel adulescentium in suos usus conuerterunt.
Interest is not immediately demanded from tutors, but after an intervening period of two months for collecting and investing it, and this is customary to be observed in the action of tutelage; however, this space or relaxation of time ought not to be granted to those who have converted the money of pupils or young persons to their own use.
§26.7.7.12Si usuras exactas tutor uel curator usibus suis retinuerint, earum usuras agnoscere eos oportet: sane enim parui refert, utrum sortem pupillarem an usuras in usus suos conuerterint.
If a tutor or curator has retained collected interest for his own use, he must account for interest on that interest; for indeed it matters little whether he has converted the pupil's principal or the interest to his own use.
§26.7.7.13Pecuniae, quae in arca fuit, etiam heredes curatoris tamdiu usuras praestabunt, quamdiu non interpellauerint, ut loco defuncti curator constituatur.
As for the money which was in the chest, even the heirs of the curator will pay interest for as long as they have not requested that a curator be appointed in place of the deceased.
§26.7.7.14Si tutor pro contutore condemnetur, an etiam in usuras condemnandus sit, quaeritur.
If a tutor is condemned on behalf of his co-tutor, the question is raised whether he should also be condemned to pay interest.
et placet, ut multis rescriptis continetur et Papinianus libro duodecimo quaestionum ait, etiam in usuras eum condemnandum, si suspectum facere supersedit, et quidem eas demum usuras cogendum praestare, quas etiam suae administrationis cogitur.
And it is held, as is contained in many rescripts and as Papinian says in the twelfth book of his Questions, that he must also be condemned to pay interest if he neglected to accuse him as suspect; and indeed he should be compelled to pay only those interest rates which he is also compelled to pay for his own administration.
§26.7.7.15Sciendum est tutorem et post officium finitum usuras debere in diem, quo tutelam restituit.
It must be known that even after his office has ended, a tutor owes interest up to the day on which he restores the tutelage.