[IDEM libro trigesimo quinto ad edictum. ] §26.7.5.prIta autem depositioni pecuniarum locus est, si ea summa corradi, id est colligi possit, ut comparari ager possit: si enim tam exiguam esse tutelam facile probatur, ut ex nummo refecto praedium puero comparari non possit, depositio cessat.
[The same, in the thirty-fifth book on the Edict.] However, there is room for the deposit of money only if that sum can be scraped together, that is, collected, so that land can be purchased: for if it is easily proved that the guardianship asset is so small that a property cannot be purchased for the boy from the money recovered, the deposit ceases.
quae ergo tutelae quantitas depositionem inducat, uideamus.
Let us see, therefore, what size of guardianship asset induces a deposit.
et cum causa depositionis exprimatur, ut praedia pupillis comparentur, manifestum est, ut ad minimas summas non uideatur pertinere: quibus modus praefiniri generaliter non potest, cum facilius causa cognita per singulos possit examinari.
And since the purpose of the deposit is expressed as the purchase of properties for the pupils, it is manifest that it does not seem to pertain to very small sums: of which a limit cannot be predefined generally, since it can be more easily examined individually after an investigation of the case.
nec tamen auferenda facultas est etiam minores summas interdum deponi postulare, si suspecti tutores esse uideantur.
Nevertheless, the opportunity to demand that even smaller sums be sometimes deposited must not be taken away, if the tutors seem to be suspect.
§26.7.5.1Gessisse autem uidetur tutor, qui quid omnino pupillare attigit etiamsi modicum, cessantque partes eorum, qui solent cessantes cogere administrare.
Moreover, a tutor who has touched anything whatsoever of the pupil's property, even if moderate, is deemed to have administered, and the role of those who are accustomed to compel those who are inactive to administer ceases.
§26.7.5.2Quod si posteaquam gessit, tunc se gestu abstinuit, etiam suspecti postulatio succedit.
But if, after he has administered, he then abstains from administration, the accusation of a suspect tutor also succeeds.
§26.7.5.3Quod si quis tutelam mandauerit gerendam gestaque fuerit ab eo cui mandatum est, locus erit tutelae actioni: uidetur enim gessisse qui per alium gessit.
But if someone has mandated the administration of a guardianship, and it has been administered by the person to whom it was mandated, there will be room for the action of guardianship: for he who has administered through another is deemed to have administered.
quod si non accessit is cui mandatum est, utili actione conuenitur.
But if the person to whom it was mandated did not undertake it, he is sued by an analogous action.
§26.7.5.4Debitor patris, qui tutelam administrauit filii, tutelae iudicio tenebitur etiam ob id quod patri debuit.
A debtor of the father who has administered the guardianship of the son will be held liable in the action of guardianship also for what he owed to the father.
§26.7.5.5Si tutor pupillum suum puberem factum non admonuerit, ut sibi curatores peteret (sacris enim constitutionibus hoc facere iubetur qui tutelam administrauit), an tutelae iudicio teneatur? et magis puto sufficere tutelae iudicium, quasi conexum sit hoc tutelae officio, quamuis post pubertatem admittatur.
If a tutor has not advised his pupil who has reached puberty to seek curators for himself (for he who has administered a guardianship is ordered to do this by the sacred constitutions), is he held liable in the action of guardianship? And I rather think that the action of guardianship is sufficient, as if this were connected to the duty of guardianship, although it is admitted after puberty.
§26.7.5.6Post completum uicesimum quintum annum aetatis si nondum rationes redditae sunt nec ad causam instrumenta pertinentia, fidei ac uerecundiae curatorum conuenit, ut consilio suo coeptam litem perficiant.
After the completion of the twenty-fifth year of age, if the accounts and the instruments pertaining to the case have not yet been rendered, it is fitting for the good faith and respect of the curators to complete, with their counsel, the litigation already begun.
si igitur cessent in his quae constituta sunt faciendis, magis puto sufficere negotiorum gestorum iudicium etiam si iam actum est, si tamen huius rei ratio reddita non est.
If, therefore, they are inactive in doing those things which have been established, I rather think that the action of unauthorized agency is sufficient, even if action has already been taken, provided however that no account of this matter has been rendered.
§26.7.5.7Iulianus libro uicesimo primo digestorum huiusmodi speciem proponit: quidam decedens filiis suis dederat tutores et adiecerat: 'eosque aneclogistos esse uolo'. et ait Iulianus tutores, nisi bonam fidem in administratione praestiterint, damnari debere, quamuis testamento comprehensum sit, ut aneclogisti essent: nec eo nomine ex causa fideicommissi quicquam consequi debebunt, ut ait Iulianus, et est uera ista sententia: nemo enim ius publicum remittere potest huiusmodi cautionibus nec mutare formam antiquitus constitutam.
Julianus, in the twenty-first book of his Digests, proposes a case of this kind: a certain person dying had given tutors to his sons and had added: 'and I wish them to be exempt from rendering accounts.' And Julianus says that the tutors, unless they have exhibited good faith in their administration, ought to be condemned, even though it was included in the will that they should be exempt from rendering accounts: nor ought they to obtain anything on that account by reason of a trust, as Julianus says, and that opinion is true: for no one can remit public law by covenants of this kind, nor change the form established of old.
damnum uero, quodcumque ex tutela quis senserit, et legari et per fideicommissum ei relinqui potest.
However, whatever loss anyone has suffered from the guardianship can be both bequeathed and left to him by a trust.
§26.7.5.8Papinianus libro quinto responsorum ita scribit: Pater tutelam filiorum consilio matris geri mandauit et eo nomine tutores liberauit.
Papinianus, in the fifth book of his Opinions, writes as follows: A father mandated that the guardianship of his sons be administered according to the counsel of their mother, and on that account released the tutors.
non idcirco minus officium tutorum integrum erit, sed uiris bonis conueniet salubre consilium matris admittere, tametsi neque liberatio tutoris neque uoluntas patris aut intercessio matris tutoris officium infringat.
Not on that account will the duty of the tutors be any less unimpaired, but it will be fitting for honorable men to accept the salutary counsel of the mother, even though neither the release of the tutor, nor the will of the father, nor the intervention of the mother diminishes the duty of the tutor.
§26.7.5.9Usque adeo autem licet tutoribus patris praeceptum neglegere, ut, si pater cauerit, ne quid rei suae distraheretur uel ne mancipia distrahantur uel ne uestis uel ne domus uel ne aliae res periculo subiectae, liceat eis contemnere hanc patris uoluntatem.
Moreover, the tutors are permitted to neglect the father's instruction to such an extent that, even if the father had provided that none of his property should be alienated, or that slaves, or clothing, or a house, or other things subject to danger should not be alienated, they are allowed to disregard this will of the father.
§26.7.5.10Ex quo innotuit tutori se tutorem esse, scire debet periculum tutelae ad eum pertinere.
From the moment it has become known to the tutor that he is a tutor, he ought to know that the risk of the guardianship pertains to him.
innotescere autem qualiterqualiter sufficit, non utique testato eum conueniri: nam etsi citra testationem, scilicet undecumque cognouit, nulla dubitatio est, quin debeat periculum ad ipsum respicere.
However, it is sufficient to become known in any manner whatsoever, and not necessarily that he be summoned with witnesses: for even without witness-calling, that is, from wherever he learned of it, there is no doubt that the risk must look to him.