[IDEM libro quinto responsorum. ] §26.7.39.prTutores, qui post finem tutelae per errorem officii durantes rerum administrationem retinuerunt, nominum paternorum periculum, quae post pubertatem adulescentis idonea fuerunt, praestare cogendi non erunt, cum actionem inferre non potuerunt.
[THE SAME, in his Fifth Book of Opinions.] Tutors who, after the end of the guardianship, retained the administration of property, mistakenly believing their office to be continuing, shall not be compelled to make good the risk of paternal claims which were solvent after the youth reached puberty, since they could not bring an action.
§26.7.39.1Curator a patre testamento datus impuberis negotiis se per errorem immiscuit: postea a praetore tutoribus aliis datis periculum futuri temporis ille, qui postea nihil gessit, non praestabit.
A curator appointed by a father in his will mistakenly meddled in the affairs of an impuber: later, when other tutors were appointed by the praetor, he who thereafter did nothing will not make good the risk of the subsequent period.
§26.7.39.2Qui se negotiis impuberis non iure tutor datus secundum patris uoluntatem immiscuit, errore comperto tutorem a praetore constitui consultius petet, ne forte, si rem coeptam deseruerit, fraudis uel culpae causa condemnetur.
He who, having been appointed tutor according to the father's wish but not lawfully, meddled in the affairs of an impuber, will, upon discovering the error, more advisedly petition for a tutor to be appointed by the praetor, lest perhaps, if he should abandon the undertaking, he be condemned on account of fraud or fault.
non idem seruatur, si quis ultro negotium alienum gesserit, cum satis abundeque sufficiat uel in una specie per amici laborem domino consuli.
The same is not observed if anyone has voluntarily managed another's business, since it is fully and abundantly sufficient for the owner's interest to be consulted even in a single matter through the effort of a friend.
§26.7.39.3Heres institutus, qui non habuit substitutum, priusquam hereditatem adiret, quam impuberi restituere debuit, uita decessit: cum hereditas in Italia esset, scriptus autem heres in prouincia uita decessisset, tutores prouincialium rerum culpae nomine condemnandos existimaui, si causam testamenti non ignorantes utilitatem impuberis deseruerunt: nam hereditatis in prouincia fideicommisso restituto causam quidem iuris expediri potuisse, rerum autem administrationem ad eos recidere debuisse, qui tutelam in Italia suscepissent.
An instituted heir who had no substitute died before entering upon the inheritance which he was bound to restore to an impuber: when the inheritance was in Italy, but the written heir had died in a province, I was of the opinion that the tutors of the provincial property should be condemned on the ground of negligence, if, being aware of the cause of the will, they abandoned the interest of the impuber; for although, upon the restoration of the inheritance in the province by fideicommissum, the legal claim indeed could have been expedited, yet the administration of the property ought to have devolved upon those who had undertaken the guardianship in Italy.
§26.7.39.4Aduersus tutorem, qui pupillum hereditate patris abstinuit, actionem denegari non oportet creditori, qui cum ipso tutore contraxit, quamuis tutor pecuniam in rem impuberis uerteret.
Against a tutor who kept the pupil away from his father's inheritance, an action ought not to be denied to a creditor who contracted with the tutor himself, even though the tutor turned the money to the use of the impuber.
§26.7.39.5Curatores adulescentis mutui periculi gratia cautionem inuicem sibi praebuerunt et in eam rem pignora dederunt: cum officio deposito soluendo fuissent, irritam cautionem esse factam et pignoris uinculum solutum apparuit.
Curators of a youth provided caution to one another for the sake of mutual risk, and gave pledges for that purpose: when, upon resigning their office, they were solvent, it appeared that the caution had become void and the bond of the pledge was dissolved.
§26.7.39.6Tutor datus aduersus ipsam creationem prouocauit: heres eius postea uictus praeteriti temporis periculum praestabit, quia non uidetur leuis culpa contra iuris auctoritatem mandatum tutelae officium detrectare.
A designated tutor appealed against the appointment itself: his heir, being subsequently defeated, will make good the risk of the past period, because it is not deemed a light fault to decline the office of guardianship mandated contrary to the authority of the law.
§26.7.39.7Rerum prouincialium tutores in urbe causas appellationis impuberum agentes, rerum Italicarum curatores ut impuberibus constituantur, ad officium suum reuocare debent: alioquin si prius in prouinciam redierint, dolum aut culpam eorum in ea quoque parte recte iudex conueniet.
Tutors of provincial property, while conducting the appeal cases of impubers in the city, ought to recall to their office that curators of Italian property be appointed for the impubers; otherwise, if they return first to the province, the judge will rightly hold them to account for their fraud or fault in that part as well.
§26.7.39.8Patruus testamento fratris filio tutor datus cum in Italia domicilium haberet, tam Italicarum rerum quam prouincialium administrationem suscepit atque ita pecuniam ex uenditionibus Romae refectam in prouinciam traiecit et in calendarium pupilli conuertit: tutor in locum eius Romae substitutus administrationem pecuniae, quae non pertinet ad tutelam suam, suscipere non cogitur.
A paternal uncle, appointed by will as tutor to his brother's son, having his domicile in Italy, undertook the administration of both Italian and provincial property, and thus transferred money realized from sales in Rome to the province and entered it into the pupil's account-book: a tutor substituted in his place in Rome is not compelled to undertake the administration of the money which does not belong to his own guardianship.
§26.7.39.9Curatores testamento uel tutores inutiliter dati neque decreto praetoris confirmati negotia gesserunt. uice mutua periculum praestare coguntur, cum officium sponte citra iuris adminiculum inuerint et qui fuit idoneus, decretum praetoris curatores uel tutores constituentis implorare debuerit.
Curators or tutors invalidly appointed by will, and not confirmed by a decree of the praetor, managed the business: they are compelled to make good the risk mutually, since they entered upon the office voluntarily without the aid of law, and he who was solvent ought to have implored the decree of the praetor appointing curators or tutors.
§26.7.39.10Tutoribus idoneis diem functis uice mutua periculum ad heredes eorum non redundat, quod non habuit locum officio tutelae manente.
When solvent tutors have died, the risk does not devolve mutually upon their heirs, because this had no place while the office of guardianship remained.
§26.7.39.11In eum, qui tutelam gerere noluit, post ceteros qui gesserunt actionem utilem tutelae dari placuit.
It was resolved that against one who refused to administer the guardianship, a beneficial action of guardianship should be given after the others who did administer.
quod tamen ex tutela non peruenit ad eos, qui se negotiis miscuerunt, sed communi neglegentia perit, citra substitutionis ordinem aequaliter omnium periculum spectat.
However, that which did not come from the guardianship to those who meddled in the business, but perished through common negligence, regards the risk of all equally without any order of substitution.
§26.7.39.12Tutores pubere pupillo constituto litem appellationis inchoatam iussu consulum ob notitiam rei perfecerunt: cum iudicatum persequi non potuerunt, periculo culpae non subiciuntur.
Tutors, after the pupil reached puberty, by order of the consuls on account of their knowledge of the matter, completed an appeal suit that had been commenced: when they could not enforce the judgment, they are not subjected to the risk of negligence.
§26.7.39.13Ab eo, qui restitutionis auxilio non iuuatur, quaestio culpae tutorum conuentione remitti potest, nec donatum, sed transactum uidetur.
By one who is not aided by the relief of restitution, the question of the tutors' fault can be remitted by agreement, and it is deemed not a donation but a compromise.
§26.7.39.14Neglegentiae tutorum periculo nominum, quae pater usuris maioribus fecit, adscripto pupilla quidem actionem calendarii praestare cogitur, exactas autem usuras tutelae tempore citra ullam compensationem retinet.
When the risk of claims, which the father made at higher interest, was charged to the negligence of the tutors, the female pupil indeed is compelled to transfer the action on the account-book, but she retains without any set-off the interest collected during the time of the guardianship.
§26.7.39.15Adulescens tutoribus conuentis, a quibus totum seruari non potuit, aduersus curatores, qui tutelam ad se neglegentia non transtulerunt, integram actionem retinet: neque enim tutelae iudicio consumptum uidetur, quod alterius officii querellam habuit.
A youth, having sued the tutors from whom the whole amount could not be recovered, retains an unimpaired action against the curators who through negligence did not transfer the guardianship to themselves; for that which involved a complaint against another's office is not deemed to have been consumed by the judgment on the guardianship.
§26.7.39.16Tutor, qui tutoris idoneum heredem conuenire pupilli nomine noluit, damni uicarius substituitur, ut is, qui non idoneum tutelae tempore suspectum facere supersedit.
A tutor who refused to sue the solvent heir of a co-tutor on behalf of the pupil is substituted as a vicarious liable party for the damage, just like one who omitted to suspect an insolvent co-tutor during the time of the guardianship.
§26.7.39.17Tutelae iudicium ideo differri non oportet, quod fratris et coheredis impuberis idem tutelam sustineat.
A trial concerning guardianship ought not to be postponed for the reason that the same person supports the guardianship of the brother and co-heir of the impuber.
§26.7.39.18Quod de peculio serui actoris, quem adulescens postquam res suas administrare coepit manumisit, retinuit aut retinere potuit, in ratione reddenda curatori per iudicem accepto feretur.
What was retained or could have been retained from the peculium of a slave agent whom the youth manumitted after he began to administer his own affairs, shall be credited by the judge in rendering accounts to the curator.