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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §26.2.19.pr-26.2.19.2

Exclusion of Outsiders and Liability of Posthumous Tutors

Passage 3765 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Ulpian explains that demands for security made by outsiders against tutors must be rejected, that the rules on security and majority decisions apply to tutors appointed upon inquiry, and that a tutor appointed for an unborn child is liable under specific actions depending on whether their administration occurred before or after the birth.

[ULPIANUS libro trigesimo quinto ad edictum. ] §26.2.19.prSi nemo tutorum prouocet ad satisdationem, sed exsistat quidam qui tutor non est desideraretque, ut aut satisdent tutores aut, si non dent, parato sibi satisdare committant tutelam, non est audiendus: neque enim aut extero committenda tutela est, aut testamento dati tutores contra ius satisdationi subiciendi sunt.
[ULPIANUS, from the thirty-fifth book on the Edict.] If none of the tutors challenges [the others] to give security, but some person who is not a tutor should appear and demand that either the tutors give security, or, if they do not, they commit the tutelage to him, who is ready to give security, he is not to be heard; for neither must the tutelage be committed to an outsider, nor must tutors appointed by will be subjected to giving security contrary to law.
§26.2.19.1Hoc edictum de satisdatione ad tutores testamentarios pertinet: sed et si ex inquisitione dati sint tutores, Marcellus ait et ad hos pertinere hoc edictum et id oratione etiam diuorum fratrum significari.
This edict on giving security pertains to testamentary tutors; but Marcellus says that this edict also pertains to tutors who are appointed upon inquiry, and that this is indicated also by the address of the deified brothers.
ideoque et illi clausulae sunt subiecti, ut, si cui maior pars tutorum decernat, is gerat quem maior pars eligat, quamuis uerba edicti ad testamentarios pertineant.
Therefore, they also are subject to the clause that, if the majority of the tutors make a decree in favor of anyone, he whom the majority choose shall administer, although the words of the edict pertain to testamentary tutors.
§26.2.19.2Testamento datus postumo tutor nondum est tutor, nisi postumus edatur: datur tamen aduersus eum substituto pupilli negotiorum gestorum actio.
A tutor appointed by will for an unborn child is not yet a tutor, unless the child is born; nevertheless, an action for business transacted is granted against him to the substitute of the ward.
sed si partus editus fuerit, deinde hic tutor, priusquam quicquam gereret, remotus a tutela fuerit, et hic eadem actione tenebitur.
But if the child is born, and then this tutor, before he administers anything, is removed from the tutelage, he also will be liable to the same action.
si quid plane gessit post editum partum, de eo quoque, quod ante gessit, tutelae iudicio tenebitur et omnis administratio in hac actione ueniet.
Plainly, if he administered anything after the birth of the child, he will be liable to the action on tutelage also for what he did before, and the entire administration will come under this action.

Notes

  1. §26.2.19.prparato sibi satisdare — The pronoun `sibi` is a reflexive referring to the subject of the clause `desideraret`, namely `quidam` (the outsider). The dative participle `parato` agrees with `sibi` in gender, number, and case, functioning as the indirect object of `committant` ('commit [the tutelage] to him, who is prepared to give security').
  2. §26.2.19.1si cui — The dative singular of the indefinite pronoun `quis` (`cui`) combined with the conditional conjunction `si`. Since the verb `decernat` governs the dative case, the clause means 'if [the majority of the tutors] make a decree in favor of anyone'.
  3. §26.2.19.2tutelae iudicio — An ablative of means or cause modifying `tenebitur`. It indicates that although acts of administration prior to the birth of the child originally fell under the action for business transacted (`negotiorum gestio`), once the actual tutelage is undertaken after the birth, those prior acts are also absorbed into and prosecuted under the general action on tutelage (`tutelae iudicium`).

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §26.2.19.pr-26.2.19.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:26.2.19.pr-26.2.19.2

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