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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §25.1.14.pr-25.1.14.2

Classification of Dotal Expenses: Necessary, Useful, and Voluptuary

Passage 3673 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Ulpian classifies and defines the expenses regarding dowries into three categories: necessary expenses (such as building dikes or repairs), useful expenses (such as putting livestock on estates), and voluptuous expenses (such as building baths).

[ULPIANUS libro quinto regularum. ] §25.1.14.prImpensae necessariae sunt, quibus non factis dos imminuitur, ueluti aggeres facere, flumina auertere, aedificia uetera fulcire itemque reficere, arbores in locum mortuarum reponere.
[ULPIAN, Rules, Book 5] Necessary expenses are those by which, if they are not made, the dowry is diminished, for example, making dikes, diverting rivers, shoring up as well as repairing old buildings, replacing dead trees with new ones.
§25.1.14.1Utiles sunt ueluti pecora praediis imponere, id est stercorare.
Useful expenses are, for example, putting livestock on the estates, that is, manuring them.
§25.1.14.2Uoluptuosae sunt balinea exstruere.
Voluptuous expenses are building baths.

Notes

  1. §25.1.14.prquibus non factis — The relative pronoun `quibus` (with `Impensae` as its antecedent) forms an ablative absolute construction with the past participle `factis`, expressing a negative conditional force ('if these are not made').
  2. §25.1.14.1id est stercorare — The infinitive `stercorare` ('to manure') stands in apposition to explain the preceding phrase `pecora praediis imponere` ('putting livestock on the estates'), reflecting the ancient agricultural reality where pasturing livestock naturally fertilized the soil.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §25.1.14.pr-25.1.14.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:25.1.14.pr-25.1.14.2

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